BIOVAILABILITY OF PHYTOESTROGENS : RESEARCH ON FOOD FACTORS AS PROMOTERS OF ISOFLAVONE ABSORPTION AND PREVENTION OF LIFESTYLE-RELATED DISEASES

大豆异黄酮在结构上类似于雌激素，因此被称为植物雌激素，可以预防与性生活有关的癌症和骨质疏松症。然而，关于其他化学品对生物利用度的影响的研究很少。由于食物中几乎所有的植物雌激素都以糖苷形式存在，因此需要肠道细菌葡糖苷酶来水解糖苷键以使肠道吸收。低聚果糖（FOS）是一种难消化糖和可发酵糖的混合物，可刺激肠道内双歧杆菌的生长。2001年，通过测量从三种不同静脉采集的血液中染料木黄酮和大豆苷元的浓度，并通过测定从三种不同静脉采集的血液中染料木黄酮和大豆苷元的浓度， ...更多信息 在单次胃内施用PGEX缀合物后24小时和48小时测量尿排泄。门静脉血中染料木黄酮浓度迅速升高，在给药后1h，FOS组和对照组均达到峰值。中心静脉血中的浓度约为门静脉血中浓度的一半。在FOS喂养组中，在24-48小时后，在尾静脉血中仍然可检测到染料木黄酮和大豆苷元。在24和48小时后的尿排泄的两种维生素B1和维生素B2的FOS喂养组显着高于对照gloup.In 2002年，膳食维生素B1和FOS补充剂对胃切除术后（OX）的骨质减少和贫血的协同作用进行了测定。股骨骨小梁骨矿物质密度和骨断裂力的OX抑制大鼠喂食FOS与和不含维生素C饮食，而维生素C只补充没有防止OX大鼠的骨丢失。值得注意的是，大豆黄酮和低聚果糖饮食的组合增强了牛氧化大鼠中大豆黄酮的雌马酚的产生，雌马酚具有很强的雌激素效应。此外，在OX后贫血大鼠中，维生素B1和FOS替代都防止了肝脂质过氧化氢和血清TNF-α（组织坏死的标志物）的增加。少

Soy isoflavones are structurally similar to estrogens and are therefore called phytoestrogens, and may prevent sex hormone-related cancer and osteoporosis. However, few studies regarding the effects of other chemicals on isoflavone bioavailability have been reported. Since almost all phytoestrogens in food exist as glycosides, intestinal bacteria glucosidases are required to hydrolyze the glycosidic bonds to enable intestinal absorption. Fructooligosaceharides (FOS), a mixture of indigestible and fermentable sugars, stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria in the intestine. Thus, it is postulated that dietary FOS may affect the bioavailability of phytoestrogen glycosides and therefore improve their absorption in the gut, thus having beneficial effects on lifestyle-related diseases.In 2001, the kinetics of isoflavones in rats fed a FOS supplemented diet or a control diet were examined by measuring genistein and daidzein concentrations in blood collected from three different veins, and by … More measuring urinary excretion at 24-and 48-hours after a single intragastric ministration of isoflavone conjugates. The genistein concentration in the portal blood increased rapidly, reaching a peak in both FOS and control groups at 1h after administration. The concentrations in the central venous blood were approximately half of those in the portal blood. In the FOS fed group, both genistein and daidzein remained detectable in the tail venous blood after 24-48 hours. The urinary excretion of both isoflavones at 24-and 48-hours after administration was significantly higher in the FOS-fed group than in the control gloup.In 2002, the synergistic effects of dietary isoflavone and FOS supplementation on post-gastrectomy (OX) osteopenia and anemia were determined. Decreases in femoral trabecular bone mineral density and bone breaking force by OX were inhibited in rats fed the FOS with and without isoflavone diets, whereas isoflavone only supplementation did not prevent bone loss in OX rats. Notably, a combination isoflavone and FOS diet enhanced production of equol, which has a strong estrogenic effect, from daidzein in OX rats. Moreover, both isoflavone and FOS supplementations prevented increases of hepatic lipid hydroperoxides and serum TNF-α, a marker of tissue necrosis, in post-OX anemic rats. Less