The Recognition of the Expression of Feeling in Cross Cultural Communication

根据《跨文化交际中情感表达的再认识》，本研究以不同文化中常见的情感表达方式--微笑为研究对象。共调查了四个研究课题。首先，对日本大学生进行了问卷调查，并对结果进行了分析，结果表明，各种微笑的允许范围是由情境和伴侣等语境差异决定的。聚类分析的结果是，尽管经历了相同的感觉，但由于环境的不同，允许的范围也不同。此外，对测量社会态度的问卷条目与微笑类型的关系的分析结果表明，对社会事务持积极态度的被试在微笑的允许范围上表现出了明显的特征。第二，同一类型的问卷是admi…更受美国大学生的欢迎。聚类分析结果表明，日本学生和美国学生对微笑的认知存在语境差异。第三，对日本学生进行了一项向日本学生展示美国男女视觉形象的实验，分析了与西方人的日常接触与微笑识别之间的关系。结果表明，对微笑本身的认知具有普遍性，与跨文化接触的数量无关。此外，本研究中使用的视觉图像的大小和质量表明它们有可能成为未来类似研究的标准。第四，使用上述视觉图像和CGI对日本和美国的大学生群体进行了网络调查研究。对数据进行分析以确定SD，并分析微笑和挺拔面孔表情的变化。这种模式的影响是不可避免的。然而，很明显，一张微笑的脸会增加愉快的印象，并增强一个人年轻、活跃和个性的形象。日本学生和美国学生对笑脸的评价是一致的。然而，人们对“直”脸的反应却截然不同。这一结果表明，在跨文化交流中，“微笑”面孔对个人认知的作用比在本国文化中更重要。较少

According to "The Recognition of the Expression of Feeling in Cross Cultural Communication", this study focuses on "smiling", which is a common expression of feeling among different cultures. Four research topics were investigated. First, a questionnaire was administered to Japanese university students, and the results were analyzed, showing the influence of the permissible range of various kinds of smile, which were determined by contextual difference, such as situation and partner. As a result of Cluster Analysis, it was found that the permissible range differed due to context, even though the same kind of feeling was experienced. Furthermore, the result of the analysis of the relationship between the questionnaire items which measured social attitudes and the kinds of smile indicated that those subjects who had a positive attitude towards social affairs displayed distinctive characteristics concerning the permissible range of the smile.Second, the same kind of questionnaire was admi … More nistered to American university students. The results of Cluster Analysis indicated a contextual difference of recognition concerning the smile between the Japanese and the American students. It was clear that contextual variation occurred according to whether the situation was relaxed or comfortable for each group of subjects.Third, an experiment which showed visual images of an American man and woman to the Japanese students was conducted, in which an analysis of the relation between daily involvement with Westerners and the recognition of the smile was made. The results indicated that the recognition of the smile itself is categorized as being universal, and that it is not related to the quantity of cross cultural exposure. Furthermore, the size and quality of the visual images, which were used in the present study as the visual stimuli, shows the possibility of them being a standard for future studies of a similar kind.Fourth, a Web investigation study was administered to both Japanese and American groups of university students, using the above visual images and CGI. The data was analyzed to determine the SD, and also to analyze the change of expression of the ‘smiling' and the ‘straight' face. The influence of the model was inevitable. However, it was clear that a ‘smiling' face increased the pleasant impression, and enhanced the image of one as being young, active, and individual. The evaluation of the ‘smiling' face was in accord between the Japanese and American students. However the response to the ‘straight' face was quite different. This result indicates that the role of the ‘smiling' face is more significant for personal recognition in cross cultural encounters than in those in one's own culture. Less