Research on Estimation of Search and Rescue Needs due to Collapsed Dwellings and Optimum SAR Management in an Earthquake

地震中房屋倒塌搜救需求估算及优化SAR管理研究

• 批准号: 13680544
• 负责人: MURAKAMI Hitomi
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: Yamaguchi University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2001 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13680544/
• 关键词: Dwelling collapse; Entrapment; Human casualty; SAR demands; SAR operation; Simulation; Hanshin-Awaji earthquake; Questionnaire survey; 室内被害; 空間的閉じ込め; 身体的閉じ込め; 身の危険度; 住宅損傷度; アンケートデータ; 2000年鳥取県西部地震; 2001年芸予地震

In the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji earthquake in Japan, approximately 5500 human lives were lost by destruction of dwellings and various structures. Authors conducted questionnaire survey in Higashinada ward of Kobe city to examine how dwelling damage levels, environmental factors and personal attributes and responses affect human casualty and entrapment. Discriminant analysis was applied taking human casualty and entrapment as objective variables. The results were compared with those obtained in the similar questionnaire survey in Hokudan town. Ratio of injury are found to increase as dwelling damage reach from heavy damage to total collapse, and in case of location on the first floor. Spatial and physical entrapments are found to increase in relation to damage level of dwellings and location. While ratio of physical entrapment is similar, ratio of spatial entrapment in urban Higashinada is 3 times larger than that in rural Hokudan town, suggesting housing contents falling in small dwelling space affected spatial entrapment. These findings can be applied to estimate probability of human entrapment and demands for SAR in case of a significant earthquakeAs for the search and rescue process, SAR records of the fire departments after the Hanshin-Awaji earthquake were examined to derive time required to perform single case of search and rescue operation. A model of human animation score deteriorating along entrapment time was assumed and SAR simulation system was developed. Comparing simulation results with those observed in several city fire departments, SAR management strategy was examined in order for mitigating human casualty

在1995年日本阪神-淡路地震中，大约5500人因房屋和各种建筑的破坏而丧生。作者在神户市东田区进行了问卷调查，考察了住宅破坏程度、环境因素和个人属性及反应对人员伤亡和被困的影响。以人员伤亡和诱捕为客观变量，进行判别分析。并与北岸镇类似问卷调查结果进行比较。当住宅从严重破坏到完全倒塌时，当住宅位于一层时，伤害率增加。研究发现，空间和物理陷阱与民居的破坏程度和地点有关。在物理捕获率相似的情况下，东田市区的空间捕获率是北端农村的3倍，说明小居住空间的住房内容下降影响了空间捕获。这些发现可用于估计在重大地震情况下人员被困的概率和对SAR的需求。对于搜救过程，我们检查了阪神- awaji地震后消防部门的SAR记录，以得出执行单个搜救行动所需的时间。建立了人体动画评分随捕获时间变化的模型，开发了SAR仿真系统。将模拟结果与多个城市消防部门的观测结果进行比较，探讨了减少人员伤亡的搜救管理策略

项目成果

村上ひとみ, 伊藤英二, 森伸一郎, 重松尚久: "震度と人的被害発生率の関係-2000年鳥取県西部地震と2001年芸予地震の特徴-"第11回日本地震工学シンポジウム論文集. 11. 2405-2410 (2002)

Hitomi Murakami、Eiji Ito、Shinichiro Mori、Naohisa Shigematsu：“地震烈度与人类损害发生率的关系 - 2000 年鸟取县西部地震和 2001 年艺叶地震的特征 -”第 11 届日本地震工程研讨会论文集 11 .2405-。 2410 (2002)

竹田宏樹: "1995年兵庫県南部地震における東灘区と北淡町の閉じ込め実態比較"地域安全学会梗概集. No.11. 49-52 (2001)

Hiroki Takeda：“1995 年兵库县南部地震期间东田区和北段町的实际限制条件比较”，地区安全协会摘要第 11. 49-52 号（2001 年）。

村上ひとみ: "2003年宮城県北部地震の人的被害"日本地震工学会大会2003梗概集. 2. 136-137 (2003)

村上瞳：“2003 年宫城县北部地震造成的人类损失”日本地震工程学会会议 2003 年摘要 2. 136-137 (2003)。

村上ひとみ: "地震による人的被害の原因と分布-2000年鳥取県西部地震・2001年芸予地震の比較-"第1回日本地震工学研究発表・討論会梗概集. 131-131 (2001)

村上瞳：“地震造成的人类损害的原因和分布 - 2000 年鸟取西部地震和 2001 年艺叶地震的比较 -”第一届日本地震工程研究报告和讨论会议摘要 131-131（2001 年）。

Ohta, Y., H.Murakami, et al.: "A model for evaluating life span characteristics of entrapped people under collapsed dwellings by an earthquake"Proc.13^<th> World Conf.Earthquake Enger.. in print. (2004)

Ohta, Y., H.Murakami, et al.：“评估地震倒塌房屋下被困人员寿命特征的模型”Proc.13^<th> World Conf.Earthquake Enger.. 印刷中。