The political economy of military reform in Indonesia: Opportunities and challenges for civilian control of the TNI

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Despite Suharto's fall, and limited reform process, the Indonesian military (TNI) remains deeply involved in Indonesian politics, at Cabinet level, and in state maintenance. The TNI also has substantial economic interests, about two-thirds of which is illegal. The TNI is therefore still central to Indonesia's political processes, and constitutes the major impediment to Indonesia's democratisation. This project will locate military reform within a broader Security Sector Reform agenda, assess the likelihood of further voluntary TNI reform and external reform drivers, and structural problems facing this process. It will analyse the TNI's reform process, and investigate options for bilateral reform assistance.