Immuno- and molecular-epidemiology of echinococcosis and cysticercosis spreading in Asia

本年度项目最重要的发现是发现并描述了一种新种——来自中国青藏高原的石基棘球绦虫（Echinococcus shiquicus），该地区还分布着另外两种著名的棘球绦虫，即细粒棘球绦虫和多腔棘球绦虫（E.granulosus和E.multilocularis） （Xiao N et al.2005,2006）。该新种的生活史在西藏狐（Vulpes ferilata）和高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）之间完成。它在发育的各个阶段都有着非常独特的形态。线粒体和核DNA序列数据表明，石基鼠是一个有效的分类单元，是三个物种中最原始的。目前还没有证据表明对人类有致病性。使用线粒体DNA和微卫星DNA的分子研究已经开始，为未来分析人类肝脏病变建立标准工具，因为区分这三种物种和基因型是必不可少的。利用重组Em18和重组抗原B检测肺泡棘球蚴病（AE）和囊性棘球蚴病（CE）的血清学诊断研究取得了很大进展（Mamuti W et al.2006a， B）。这些工具被用于中国的流行病学调查（Li T et al.2005）。关于带绦虫病/囊虫病，在印度尼西亚（Wandra et al.2006a,b）、中国（Li T et al.未发表）和泰国（Thairungroj et al.未发表）开展了流行病学调查，揭示了危险因素的新发现。为了发表正在进行的项目，由日本文部省主办的以亚洲和太平洋为重点的旭川带绦虫/囊虫病和棘球蚴病国际研讨会做出了巨大贡献。这篇论文有52个综述章节，共计312页，刚刚作为《国际寄生虫学》（Parasitology International） 2006年第55期的增刊发表。我们通过正在进行的项目进行的所有活动都在这期杂志上发表。

The most important finding through this year project is the finding and description of a new species, Echinococcus shiquicus from the Tibetan plateau, China where two other well-known species, E.granulosus and E.multilocularis, are co-distributed (Xiao N et al.2005,2006). The life cycle of the new species is completed between the Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata) and the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). It has a very unique morphology through its developmental stages. The data of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences provided E.shiquicus to be a valid taxon and to be the most primitive among the three species. There is no evidence of pathogenicity to humans yet. Molecular studies using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite DNA have been started for the establishment of standard tools for future analysis of human hepatic lesions, since it is essential to differentiate the species and genotypes of these three species. Serodiagnostic studies have greatly been advanced for detection of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) using recombinant Em18 and recombinant Antigen B (Mamuti W et al.2006a,b). These tools were applied for epidemiological survey in China (Li T et al.2005).On taeniasis/cysticercosis, epidemiological surveys have been carried out in Indonesia (Wandra T et al.2006a,b), China (Li T et al.unpublished) and Thailand (Thairungroj et al.unpublished) and new findings of the risk factors are revealed. In order to publish the ongoing projects, the Asahikawa International Symposium on Taeniasis/cysticercosis and echinococcosis focused on Asia and the Pacific, sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Japan contributed great. The proceedings with 52 review chapters of a total of 312 pages have just been published as a supplement of Parasitology International 55,2006. All our activities through the ongoing projects have been published in this issue.