Immuno- and molecular-epidemiology of echinococcosis and cysticercosis spreading in Asia

本年度项目最重要的发现是在中国青藏高原发现并描述了一个新种--石氏棘球绦虫（Echinococcus shiquicus），该物种与另外两个已知物种--细粒棘球绦虫（E.granulosus）和多房棘球绦虫（E.multilocularis）共存（Xiao N et al.2005，2006）。新物种的生命周期是在藏狐（Vulpes ferrilata）和高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzalta）之间完成的。它有一个非常独特的形态通过其发展阶段。线粒体和细胞核DNA序列分析结果表明，石魁鳄是一个有效的分类单元，是三个种中最原始的种。目前还没有证据表明对人类具有致病性。使用线粒体DNA和微卫星DNA的分子研究已经开始建立标准工具，用于未来分析人类肝脏病变，因为区分这三个物种的物种和基因型至关重要。使用重组Em 18和重组抗原B检测泡状棘球蚴病（AE）和囊状棘球蚴病（CE）的血清学诊断研究已经取得了很大进展（Mamuti W等人，2006 a，B）。这些工具在中国用于流行病学调查（Li T et al.2005）。在印度尼西亚（Wandra T et al.2006a，b）、中国（Li T et al.未发表）和泰国（Thairungroj et al.未发表）进行了关于绦虫病/囊虫病的流行病学调查，并揭示了风险因素的新发现。为了公布正在进行的项目，日本文部省主办的以亚洲和太平洋为重点的带绦虫病/囊虫病和包虫病旭川国际研讨会作出了巨大贡献。该论文集共312页，包括52个综述章节，已作为《国际寄生虫学》55，2006年的补编出版。我们通过正在进行的项目开展的所有活动都已在本期发表。

The most important finding through this year project is the finding and description of a new species, Echinococcus shiquicus from the Tibetan plateau, China where two other well-known species, E.granulosus and E.multilocularis, are co-distributed (Xiao N et al.2005,2006). The life cycle of the new species is completed between the Tibetan fox (Vulpes ferrilata) and the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). It has a very unique morphology through its developmental stages. The data of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences provided E.shiquicus to be a valid taxon and to be the most primitive among the three species. There is no evidence of pathogenicity to humans yet. Molecular studies using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite DNA have been started for the establishment of standard tools for future analysis of human hepatic lesions, since it is essential to differentiate the species and genotypes of these three species. Serodiagnostic studies have greatly been advanced for detection of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) using recombinant Em18 and recombinant Antigen B (Mamuti W et al.2006a,b). These tools were applied for epidemiological survey in China (Li T et al.2005).On taeniasis/cysticercosis, epidemiological surveys have been carried out in Indonesia (Wandra T et al.2006a,b), China (Li T et al.unpublished) and Thailand (Thairungroj et al.unpublished) and new findings of the risk factors are revealed. In order to publish the ongoing projects, the Asahikawa International Symposium on Taeniasis/cysticercosis and echinococcosis focused on Asia and the Pacific, sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Japan contributed great. The proceedings with 52 review chapters of a total of 312 pages have just been published as a supplement of Parasitology International 55,2006. All our activities through the ongoing projects have been published in this issue.