Arithmetic Difficulties and Individualized Support-Development of Instructional Method in Accordance with Acquisition Level of Arithmetic Operation

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We studied Planning as a cognitive function and the strategies to solve the addition problems in children with mild mental retardation. Their planning ability was correlated with flexible usage of various strategies in simple calculation. And we instructed some children in the addition problems focused on planning. In the result, they showed flexible usage of various strategies according to the problems.And Fumiko Higashihara made the arithmetic skill test constructed from 44 items from the counting skills to simple calculation of 2 digits. 150 children of Glade 1 and Glade 2 participated in 33 items test. There were 28 items that were over 50% pass rate. So we need the data of kindergarten children.There were some differences in the developmental network of passed items between England and Japan. That difference may come from difference of curriculum and point of emphasis.Keiko Kumagaya studied the instruction program for concept of cardinal number to 3 children who were behind in simultaneous processing than sequential processing.From these studies, we could recommend the instruction method for children with difficulty about arithmetic.