Physiological mechanism of invasion success of trees in the Bonin islands in Japan

日本小笠原群岛树木入侵成功的生理机制

• 批准号: 14360091
• 负责人: ISHIDA Atsushi
• 金额: $ 8.96万
• 依托单位: Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14360091/
• 关键词: Invasion trees; Bishofia javanica; Photoinhibition; Photosynthesis; Acclimation; Bonin islands; Wood density; LMA; キバンジロウ; 光; 水; 乾燥; 栄養塩; 葉寿命; ウラジロエノキ; 耐乾性; キャビテーション; パノレス; 安定同位体; 浸透調節; アコウザンショウ; 回転率; 光変動環境; 乾燥実験; 呼吸; 変動環境; 葉の構造

The flora of Bonin islands in Japan has a high degree of endemism (70% among tree species), especially in the ridge sites with shallow soils. The dwarf evergreen forests characterized by the co-existence of a magnitude of tree species are generally found at the ridge sites. The interspecific variability of sunlit leaf characteristics was investigated among the dwarf evergreens. LMA (dry mass per unit leaf area) was positively correlated to leaf lifespan, wood (stem) density, nitrogen per unit leaf mass, lamina thickness, δC, and negatively correlated to leaf osmotic potentials and water contents at full turgor, leaf-mass based photosynthetic rates (P_n), leaf area-based P_n, and leaf nitrogen-based P_n. The values of δC were positively correlated to LAM, wood (stem) density, and leaf thickness. Nitrogen re-absorption rates at leaf shedding were 50% in the average, and were not correlated to any leaf characteristics.Bishofia javanica is an alien tree species that has successfully invaded to the Bonin islands. Because the invasion of the species was frequently found following canopy-gap formation in the islands, we hypothesized that B.javanica has greater acclimation capacity than native tree species to fluctuations in understory light. Following the shade-to-sun and sun-to-shade transfers, pioneer tree species had high new-leaf production rates but low acclimation capacity of old leaves, whereas late-successional tree species had low new-leaf production rates but high acclimation capacity of old leaves. In contrast, B.javanica had high new-leaf production rates, high acclimation capacity of old leaves, and the highest growth rates among the tree species. B.javanica seedlings had relatively high survival rates under shaded understory in the Bonin islands. We conclude that high stress-tolerance under resource conditions and high resource-use under fluctuating environment conditions are a physiological key factor of invasion success.

日本小宁岛的植物区系具有高度的特有性(在树种中占70%)，特别是在土壤较浅的山脊地带。以大量树种共存为特征的矮化常绿林一般分布在山脊部位。研究了矮生常绿植物日照叶片特性的种间变异性。单位叶面积干物质含量与叶片寿命、木材(茎)密度、单位叶质量氮、叶片厚度、δC呈正相关，与叶片渗透势、膨胀期含水率、基于叶质量的光合速率(Pn)、基于叶面积的Pn和叶片氮基Pn呈负相关，δC与LAM、木(茎)密度和叶片厚度呈正相关。落叶时的氮素再吸收率平均为50%，与叶片的任何特征均不相关。爪哇水杉是已成功入侵博宁群岛的外来树种。由于该物种的入侵是在岛屿形成树冠间隙后发现的，因此我们推测爪哇树种比当地树种对林下光的波动具有更强的适应能力。先锋树种新叶生产力高，老叶驯化能力低；演替后期树种新叶生产力低，老叶驯化能力强。与之相比，爪哇白杨具有较高的新叶产生率、较高的老叶驯化能力和最高的生长速率。在博宁群岛的遮荫下，爪哇树苗具有较高的成活率。我们认为，在资源条件下的高耐逆性和在波动环境条件下的高资源利用率是入侵成功的一个生理关键因素。

项目成果

アカギ -特集 小笠原の森林の生物多様性保全-

赤城 - 特辑：小笠原森林生物多样性的保护 -

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: 森林科学 34.1
• 作者: Abe T.;Yamashita N.;Tanaka N.;Kushima H.;山下直子
• 通讯作者: 山下直子

Seasonal variations in water relations in current-year leaves of evergreen trees with delayed greening

• DOI: 10.1093/treephys/26.8.1025
• 发表时间: 2006-08-01
• 期刊: TREE PHYSIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Harayama, Hisanori;Ikeda, Takefumi;Yamamoto, Shin-Ichi
• 通讯作者: Yamamoto, Shin-Ichi

Seed and seedling demography of invasive and native trees of subtropical Pacific islands

• DOI: 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02123.x
• 发表时间: 2003-02-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF VEGETATION SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Yamashita, N;Tanaka, N;Kamo, K
• 通讯作者: Kamo, K

Size distribution, growth and inter-year variation in sex expression of Bishofia javanica, an invasive tree.

入侵树种爪哇树的大小分布、生长和性别表现的年际变化。

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: Annals of Botany 90・5
• 作者: Yamashita N.;Abe T.
• 通讯作者: Abe T.

Sex ratio variation of Bishofia javanica B1.(Euphorbiaceae) between native habit, Okinawa (Ryukyu islands), and invaded habitat, Ogasawara (Bonin islands).

Bishofia javanica B1.（大戟科）原生栖息地冲绳（琉球群岛）和入侵栖息地小笠原（小笠原群岛）之间的性别比变化。

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: International Journal of Plant Science 163-6
• 作者: Abe T.;Yamashita N.;Tanaka N.;Kushima H.
• 通讯作者: Kushima H.