Basic Research on the Safe Way of Bathing Care and Water Exercise in the Elderly

本研究首先探讨了热水浴温度对老年人心肺功能和代谢功能的影响。其次，我们比较了老年人和青年人对洗澡的生理反应。第三，对社区老年人实际洗浴状况进行调查。最后，对水中运动与体操运动的效果进行了比较。在第一个项目中，12名老年健康志愿者在27℃室温下进行不同水温（41℃、38 ℃）的洗浴。我们评估了整个实验过程中收缩压和舒张压（SBP、DBP）、心率（HR）、压力-心率乘积（PRP）、氧饱和度（Spo 2）、鼓膜温度（Ttymp）、霍尔特心电图（Holter ECG）和耗氧量（VO 2）的变化。在38℃水浴浸泡中，心肺指标无显著变化，但41℃水浴浸泡显著增加了洗浴期间的SBR、PRP和Ttymp。在41℃水浴中，VO_2的增加大于38℃水浴。血浆儿茶酚 关于我们 沐浴后鼻内窥镜检查内斯略有下降。提示41℃水浴对心肺系统的应激作用大于38℃水浴。在第二个项目中，受试者为12名老年健康志愿者和12名青年志愿者。它们在27℃和20℃室温下进行41℃浴。我们评估了与前一个实验相同的指标。在27℃时，老年人洗澡时收缩压几乎不下降，但洗澡后收缩压显著下降。然而，年轻的志愿者即使在洗澡时也显示SBP下降。两组在沐浴期间和沐浴后DBP均下降。老年人的PRP在洗澡时几乎没有变化，洗澡后下降，但在年轻人中，它在洗澡后立即增加，然后迅速下降。在老年人中，Spo 2在洗澡后逐渐下降，但在年轻志愿者中则不然。两组沐浴后Ttymp均增加。在20℃室温下，老年人收缩压和舒张压的下降幅度减小，而青年人则无此变化。HR和PRP的变化与27℃下相似。老年人在20℃洗澡时比年轻人表现出更多的交感神经紧张反应，而在27℃室温下则没有。两组在27℃下洗澡后的血管舒张作用均显著。在27℃环境温度下洗澡对老年人的血流动力学有良好的影响。少

We firstly investigated the effects of temperature of hot tub bathing on the elderly regarding cardiopulmonary and metabolic functions. Secondly, we compared the physiological responses to bathing between the elderly and the youth. Thirdly, we surveyed the actual bathing status of the elderly in communities. Lastly, the effects of water exercise were compared to those of gymnastic one. In the first project, 12 elder healthy volunteers took baths of different water temperature (41℃,38℃) at 27℃ room temperature. We assessed changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP), heart rates (HR), pressure-rate products (PRP), oxygen saturations (Spo2), tympanic temperatures (Ttymp), Holter ECGs, and oxygen consumption (VO2) throughout the experiment. In 38℃-bath immersions, none of the cardiopulmonary indices significantly changed but 41℃-bath immersions significantly increased SBR, PRP, and Ttymp during bathing. VO2 increased during bathing at 41℃ more than 38℃. Plasma catecholami … More nes slightly decreased after bathing. These results suggested that 41℃- bathing give more stress to the cardiopulmonary system than 38℃-bathing. In the second project, subjects were 12 elderly healthy volunteers and 12 young volunteers. They took 41℃-baths at 27℃ and at 20℃ room temperature. We assessed the same indices as the former experiment. At 27℃, SBP in the elderly hardly decreased during bathing but significantly decreased after bathing. The young volunteers, however, showed a decrease in SBP even during bathing. DBP decreased during and after bathing in both groups. PRP in the elderly hardly changed during bathing and decreased after bathing, but in the young it increased immediately following bathing and then quickly decreased. In the elderly Spo2 decreased gradually after bathing but not in the young volunteers. Ttymp increased after bathing in both groups. At 20℃ room temperature, reduction of both SBP and DBP was diminished in the elderly but not in the young. Changes in HR and PRP were similar to those under 27℃. Elderly subjects showed more sympathicotonic response than did young subjects during bathing at 20℃ but not at 27℃ room temperature. Vasodilating effects after bathing were prominent at 27℃ in both groups. Bathing at 27℃ ambient temperature affords favorable hemodynamic effects in the elderly. Less