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Land and/or Ice bridge formation and human immigration in the Japanese Island and their adjacent areas during the Quaternary: Multidisciplinary study among geology, paleontology, archaeology and anthropology

第四纪日本岛及其邻近地区陆地和/或冰桥的形成和人类移民：地质学、古生物学、考古学和人类学的多学科研究

基本信息

批准号：
14390027
负责人：
KAWAMURA Yoshinari
金额：
$ 6.78万
依托单位：
Aichi University of Education
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

On the basis of the geological and paleontological studies, it is inferred that land bridges were formed in and around the Japanese Islands, three times during the Quaternary, namely at 1.2 Ma, 0.6Ma and 0.4Ma, and ice bridges were formed only in the Tsugaru Strait at 20ka. The frequency and duration of the land bridge formation were fewer and much shorter than those previously considered. The immigrations of mammals into the Japanese Islands were limited during the Quaternary, especially since the Middle Pleistocene, and thus the mammalian faunas of the islands were considerably different from those of the continent during the period. As regards archaeology, Paleolithic tools prior to the Late Pleistocene have been unknown in the Japanese Islands, while those of the Early to Late Pleistocene have abundantly occurred in the continent. Moreover, the recent anthropological revision has revealed that only a few human fossils are reliable as Pleistocene humans among many "human" fossils recorded from the mainland of Japan, and they were dated as the last part of the Late Pleistocene. We assume that humans were not able to immigrate through the land bridges into the Japanese Islands during the Pleistocene, because the land bridge formation was quite limited in frequency and duration. It is possible that the humans immigrated by ferrying and rafting techniques across narrow straits formed by the drops of sea level during cold stages of the Late Pleistocene.

根据地质和古生物的研究，推测第四纪在日本群岛及其周围形成了3次陆桥，即1.2 Ma、0.6 Ma和0.4 Ma，而只在20 ka的津格鲁海峡形成了冰桥。大陆桥形成的频率和持续时间比以前认为的要少得多，持续的时间也短得多。在第四纪，特别是中更新世以来，哺乳动物迁入日本群岛的活动有限，因此，在此期间，日本群岛的哺乳动物动物群与大陆的哺乳动物区系有很大的不同。在考古学方面，日本群岛在晚更新世之前的旧石器尚不为人所知，而早更新世至晚更新世的旧石器在大陆上大量出现。此外，最近的人类学修订显示，在许多从日本大陆记录的人类化石中，只有少数人类化石是可靠的更新世人类，并确定它们的年代为晚更新世的最后部分。我们推测，在更新世，人类无法通过陆桥移民到日本岛屿，因为陆桥的形成在频率和持续时间上都相当有限。人类可能是通过渡渡和漂流技术在晚更新世寒冷阶段通过海平面下降形成的狭窄海峡迁徙的。