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Study of the Historical Process toward Creation of Self-portrait from the 13^<th> century painters to Durer

从13世纪画家到丢勒自画像创作的历史进程研究

基本信息

批准号：
14510084
负责人：
SHIMOMURA Koji
金额：
$ 2.05万
依托单位：
Kyushu Sangyo University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

In this study, I concerned the process from the 13^<th> century to Durer through book-illuminations, altarpieces and portraits. In altarpieces of the earliest period, the donor's relationship to the sacred was rather week as it was described as small kneeling figure at the feet of Madonna. A religious conception that a painting is a visual style inspiring spiritual reading emerged in the middle of the 12^<th> century. In the altarpieces influenced by this concept, guardian saints play important roles in meditating between the donor and Madonna, in the delusional process inspired by spiritual reading. Donor's desire of participating more in the world of the sacred became stronger, and promoted realistic representative expression, culminating in "Ghent Altarpiece" by Jan van Eyck. He has established portraits in modern style painting portraits of citizens which were quite different from the traditional ones. In the latter, marks indicating their social states and positions were indispens … More able, while in the former, the representative expression of personal characteristics was regarded more important instead. Furthermore, Jan painted "Madonna of Chancellor Rolin", in which he represented the donor's spiritual inner life and outer world as a form of altarpiece with landscape. After Jan, Roger van der Weyden drew the donor as a close up sitter-figure praying devotedly to the Virgin and Christ in a pair of panels which was called "devotional portrait" by E.Panofsky. Dirc Bouts painted "a portrait of a man", in which the sitter was placed in the corner of the room, one wall of which is pierced by a window, which makes contrast with portraits before his work that adopted a plain dark back ground. The most important reason why Durer succeeded in creating self-portrait is that he digested the essence of the above-mentioned development and added new elements - human desire and spirit of his time. Subjective creation of self-portrait was possible only for Durer who was an independent and creative person forming himself and pursued the mission of an artist earnestly. Less

在这项研究中，我通过书籍装饰品、祭坛和肖像画来关注从13世纪到杜勒的过程。在最早的祭坛作品中，捐赠者与神圣的关系相当薄弱，因为它被描述为小跪在麦当娜的脚下。12世纪中叶出现了一种宗教观念，认为绘画是一种激发精神阅读的视觉风格。在受这一概念影响的祭坛上，守护圣徒在捐赠者和麦当娜之间的冥想中扮演着重要的角色，在精神阅读启发的妄想过程中发挥着重要作用。捐赠者更多地参与到神圣的世界中的愿望变得更加强烈，并促进了现实主义的代表性表达，最终出现在简·范·艾克的《根特祭坛》中。他建立了现代风格的市民肖像，这与传统的肖像有很大的不同。在后者中，表明其社会状态和地位的标记是…更有能力，而前者更看重个人特征的代表性表达。此外，简还创作了《罗林议长的圣母》，将捐赠者的精神内部生活和外部世界表现为一件带有风景的祭坛。1月之后，罗杰·范德韦登在一副被E.Panofsky称为“虔诚肖像”的画板上，将捐赠者画成一个特写的守护人，虔诚地向圣母和基督祈祷。DIRC的布茨画了一幅“一个人的肖像”，画中的保姆被放在房间的角落里，房间的一面墙被一扇窗户穿破，这与他的作品之前的肖像形成了鲜明的对比，他的作品采用了朴素的黑暗背景。杜勒之所以能成功地创作自画像，最重要的原因是他消化了上述发展的精髓，并加入了新的元素--他那个时代的人的欲望和精神。只有杜勒是一个独立的、有创造力的人，并认真追求艺术家的使命，才有可能进行主观的自画像创作。较少