Anthropological Study of Dynamics of Ethnicity of the Shan in Myanmar

缅甸掸族族群动态的人类学研究

• 批准号: 14510338
• 负责人: TAKATANI Michio
• 金额: $ 1.73万
• 依托单位: HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14510338/
• 关键词: Myanmar; Shan; Ethnicity; Ethnic Minority; Cultural Anthropology

This research project is an attempt to present an anthropological analysis of the Shan people living in Burma (Myanmar). The process whereby the Bamar have politically and culturally influenced the Shan will be referred to as the Burmanization (Myanmarization) of the Shan. Today we can see several different stages of Burmanization. In parallel with this phenomenon, the Shan must have experienced a kind of "Shanization" of their own people that may have raised their own self-consciousness and constructed their own knowledge. So "Shanization" does not signify the assimilation of their hill neighbors in the pre-modern period but various phenomena of cultural dynamics such as the preservation and revitalization of their own culture and the formation of a collective identity under the political and cultural pressure of Burmanization The discourse of "Shanization" relates with two-way construction of Shan ethnicity : internally by some common modes of acquiring, maintaining, and extending knowledge of ethnicity ; externally by political negotiation in an effort to coexist with the Bamar. The author's field research concerning this research project was conducted intermittently from 1997 to 2003 in Shan State and Kachin State. Today most of the Shan people residing in Kachin State have forgotten the Shan language, and they use the Bamar language as their native tongue.Burmanization and Shanization seem to be closely related to each other like the two sides of a coin. In a sense the Shan have been forced to preserve their "authentic" culture mainly through preservation of their literary tradition, otherwise it will be seen only in written records. This may be called a crystallization of culture, for such a process tends to be done retrospectively and invent traditions. The Shan in Shan State, especially Northern Shan State where have shouldered most of the responsibility.

本研究项目是对缅甸掸族进行人类学分析的尝试。缅甸人在政治和文化上影响掸族的过程被称为掸族的缅甸化（Myanmarization）。今天，我们可以看到几个不同阶段的缅甸化。与此同时，掸族也经历了一种“掸化”的过程，这可能提高了他们的自我意识，构建了他们自己的知识。因此，“山化”并不意味着前现代时期对山邻的同化，而是在缅化的政治文化压力下，自身文化的保存和复兴，以及集体认同的形成等各种文化动力现象。“山化”话语与掸族的双向建构有关：在内部，通过一些获取、保持和扩展种族知识的共同模式;在外部，通过政治谈判，努力与部落共存。1997年至2003年，作者在掸邦和克钦邦间歇性地进行了有关这一研究项目的实地研究。今天居住在克钦邦的掸族人大多已经忘记了掸语，他们使用缅语作为母语。缅化和掸化似乎像硬币的两面一样密切相关。从某种意义上说，掸族被迫主要通过保存他们的文学传统来保存他们的“正宗”文化，否则只能在书面记录中看到。这可以被称为文化的结晶，因为这样的过程往往是回顾性的，并创造传统。掸邦的掸族，尤其是北方掸邦承担了大部分责任。

项目成果

Ethnic Identity and Knowledge of the Shan

掸族的民族认同和知识

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Traditions of Knowledge in Southeast Asia 2
• 作者: TAKATANI Michio

TAKATANI Michio: "Ethnic Identity and Knowledge of the Shan"Traditions of Knowledge in Southeast Asia. (2004)

高谷道雄：“掸族的民族认同和知识”东南亚的知识传统。