A Historical Study of Changes in Morals and Attitudes towards Personal Life in the 1960s Britain-"Permissive Society" Revisited.

这一历史研究通过审查某些立法改革，如将男性成年人之间自愿的私人同性恋行为合法化、离婚法现代化、废除死刑、放宽堕胎法、引入免费计划生育服务和废除剧院审查制度，研究了20世纪60年代英国发生的所谓“宽容的”社会变化。这些立法改革的意义有多大？它们真的反映了英国人态度和道德的变化吗？主要资料来源是伦敦国家档案馆、议会文件、官方和非官方社会调查、报纸、杂志、各种回忆录和当代书籍。在2002/2003学年，对三个主题进行了研究和分析：将男性成年人之间自愿的私下同性恋行为非刑事化、废除死刑和彻底放宽堕胎法。在2003/2004年，提出了免费计划生育服务、离婚法现代化和取消剧院审查制度等问题。2004/2005年，在进行了一些后续研究之后，为编写报告作出了努力。关于20世纪60年代的英国，有两种截然不同的观点：一些人可能会称赞这十年是文化大革命的时代，在社会上产生了相当新的、更自由的价值观，而另一些人则倾向于批评它是英国社会道德衰退的开始。这一历史研究的结果是，两者都不能令人满意。虽然60年代的英国在英国人的生活中有一个独特的历史时刻，改变了他们对个人生活和生活方式的看法，但这种变化是相当有限的，而且还在不断变化。

This historical research has looked into the so-called ‘permissive' social changes occurred in the 1960s Britain via examining certain legislative reforms, such as decriminalization of private homosexual acts between consenting male adults, modernization of divorce laws, abolition of capital punishment, relaxation of abortion laws, introduction of free family planning service and abolition of censorship in the theatre. How far were these legislative changes significant? Did they really reflect the changing attitudes and morals of British people? Primary sources are from the National Archives in London, parliamentary papers, official and non-official social surveys, newspapers, magazines, and various recollections and contemporary books.In the academic year 2002/2003, three subjects were researched and analysed : decriminalization of private homosexual acts between consenting male adults, abolition of capital punishment and die relaxation of abortion laws. In 2003/2004, introduction of free family planning service, modernization of divorce laws and the abolition of censorship in the theatre were tackled In 2004/2005, after some follow-up research had been done, efforts were directed to producing the report.There have been broadly two contrasting views on the 1960s Britain : those who are likely to praise the decade as an era of a cultural revolution which produced quite new, much more liberal values in the society, and those who tend to criticize it as a start of the moral decay in British society. As a result of this historical research, both are found unsatisfactory. Although 60s Britain has a unique historical moment in British people's life, changing their perception on personal life and lifestyle, the changes were fairly limited and continued to change.