Change of the Eight banners' Images in Modern Chinese Literature

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The purpose of this research is to discuss how the literary works had described about the Eight banners (八旗) during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of ChinaThis research was advanced as follows ;1.I studied mainly the works of Rugai Mu (穆儒丐,1885-?), who was a Manchu people, a journalist and a writer. During 26 years (1918-1944), Rugai Mu had written huge works at the Shengjing-shibao (盛京時報), a newspaper of Shenyang. I consider that his works will be very valuable materials to study the life and the culture of the Eight banners, therefore, I made the bibliography of Rugai Mu's works of the Shengjing-shibao.2.I studied the works of Rugai Mu, and made comparative study his contemporary writer's works. I tried to make clearly the life and culture of the eight banners during the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. These results was published as follows ;Rugai Mu : Portrait of one of the Eight bannersJournalism and Opera scene : Rugai Mu and Lanfang MeiTheaters of Beijing in the early Republic of China