Cognitive Pragmatic Approach to Metalinguistic Negation

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The result of this research consists of three points:(1) The target of metalinguistic negation is stipulated as "what is necessarily or generally accompanied but not communicated by its attributed utterance or thought."(2) The encoded meaning of negatives in natural languages is more general than a truth-functional operator: The target of negation as a definition is not confined to the truth conditional meaning but includes what is necessarily or generally accompanied by its attributed utterance or thought.(3) The Japanese language has a specific marker to indicate metarepresentational use of language, such as 〜no de wa nai.All the uses of negation in natural languages are fundamentally metarepresentational. Metarepresentational Negation is classified into two groups: attributive use of negation and non-attributive use of negation. Each of these is again classified into two : meta-conceptual negation and meta-linguistic negation. Horn(1985)'s descriptive negation will be included in the non-attributive use of negation and his metalinguistic negation will be included in the attributive use of negation.