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English Literature and Culture on 'Nature'

关于“自然”的英国文学与文化

基本信息

批准号：
14510526
负责人：
KINOSHITA Takashi
金额：
$ 1.79万
依托单位：
Ehime University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It was not until the 18th century that they began to show interest in ‘nature' in England. As the results of Grand Tour and the exploration in abroad, they discovered alien and domestic ‘nature'. ‘Nature' they looked on in those days, however, was no more than ‘landscape' framed by virtue of an aesthetic theory, ‘picturesque', and they would forge ‘nature' by following the Italian landscape paintings in the 17th century. English landscape garden, landscape poetry and picturesque tour widely favoured were the results of the ‘picturesque' theory.. And the genre of landscape painting rose in those days and reached the zenith in the 19th century with the advents of J.M.W.Tumer and John Constable. Then the genre began to decline and fall with the lapse of time. The process is studied in reference to natural history and imperial ideology.As a result of reviewing books on the subject of ‘nature' in Africa and Japan, I found that the characteristic of ‘nature' in England was based upon its ‘picturesque' theory, so that I correlated the aesthetic theory with travel literatures. Then,. by comparing picturesque tour searching for the ideal landscape with ‘pedestrian' travel gained popularity among the middle-class youth in the late 18th century, I would bring the cultural and political ideology implied in the latter to light and go through the process of getting rid of the ‘picturesque' theory and the discovery of ‘nature' for its own sake.

直到世纪，英国人才开始对“自然”产生兴趣。他们在海外的探险和大巡游中发现了异域和本土的“自然”。然而，他们在那些日子里所看到的“自然”，只不过是凭借一种美学理论--“如画”--所框定的“风景”，他们将效仿17世纪世纪的意大利风景画来塑造“自然”。英国的风景园林、风景诗和广受青睐的如画旅游都是“如画”理论的产物。风景画的流派在那些日子里崛起，并在世纪随着J.M.W.Tumer和John Constable的出现而达到顶峰。随着时间的推移，这一体裁开始衰落。通过对非洲和日本有关“自然”主题的书籍的考察，我发现英国的“自然”特征是建立在其“如画”理论的基础上的，因此我将美学理论与旅游文学联系起来。然后，通过对寻找理想风景的如画之旅与18世纪末在中产阶级青年中流行的“步行”之旅的比较，揭示后者所隐含的文化和政治意识形态，并经历了摆脱“如画”理论，为“自然”而发现的过程。