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Gender-equal Society and Affirmative Action

性别平等社会与平权行动

基本信息

批准号：
14520019
负责人：
ARIKAWA Tsunemasa
金额：
$ 2.62万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14520019/
关键词：
Gender-equal Society Affirmative Action Gender 積極的改善措置アメリカフランス

项目摘要

The Basic Law for a Gender-equal Society, which was established in 1999, introduces "positive actions" into Japanese law. While in other countries various forms of affirmative actions have been taken to eliminate the harms created by past discriminations, we, in Japan, have been reluctant to hold those actions in high esteem. Affirmative actions were considered to be in collision with the fundamental constitutional principles such as individual freedom or equal protection of law. Now that we have accepted "positive actions", we must present clearly their implications in the Japanese Constitution. Our joint investigation is planned to come up with a working proposal which enables us to achieve a Gender-equal Society.In the first year, we engaged a basic research on affirmative actions, a construction of jurisprudence based on gender theories, a construction of comparative perspectives, description of what a Gender-equal society is actualy like and an analysis of several relating ordinances in Japan. We established our own method aplicable to this joint investigation. And we finally, elaborated our ultimate agenda.In the second year, we engaged a survey of other countries' affirmative actions (especially those in the United States and in France) ; a critique on legal structure of affirmative actions ; a theoretical nexus between affirmative actions and merit system.Based upon these summaries, this paper consists of the following sections. First, it illuminates the world trends in affirmative actions and their substantial impact on Japan (report by Miyoko Tsujimura). Secondly, it constructs a constitutional strategy of bringing affirmative actions in effect (report by Tsunemasa Arikawa and report by Hajime Yamamoto) Lastly, it designs a concrete and practical framework for affirmative actions in Japan (report by Akio Nakabayashi).

1999年制定的《性别平等社会基本法》在日本法律中引入了“积极行动”。虽然在其他国家采取了各种形式的平权行动来消除过去的歧视所造成的伤害，但我们日本人却不愿高度尊重这些行动。肯定行动被认为与个人自由或法律平等保护等基本宪法原则相抵触。既然我们已经接受了“积极行动”，我们就必须清楚地说明它们在日本宪法中的含义。我们的联合调查计划提出一项工作建议，使我们能够实现一个性别平等的社会。第一年，我们进行了平权法案的基础研究、基于性别理论的法学建构、比较视角的建构、性别平等社会的描述以及日本相关法令的分析。我们建立了自己的方法，适用于这次联合调查。最后，我们详细阐述了我们的最终议程。第二年，我们对其他国家（尤其是美国和法国）的平权行动进行了调查；对平权行动法律结构的批判平权行动与绩效制度的理论联系。基于这些总结，本文由以下部分组成。首先，它阐明了平权行动的世界趋势及其对日本的重大影响（Miyoko Tsujimura报告）。其次，构建了平权行动实施的宪法战略（报告作者：有川恒正，报告作者：山本元）。最后，为日本平权行动设计了一个具体而实用的框架（报告作者：中林昭夫）。