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Basic Research on Indigenous Rights of Ainu People

阿伊努人原住民权利基础研究

基本信息

批准号：
14520026
负责人：
SASAKI Masatoshi
金额：
$ 1.79万
依托单位：
Osaka City university
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14520026/
关键词：
Ainu People Indigenous Peoples Indigenous Rights

项目摘要

The ‘Law concerning Promotion of Ainu Culture and Dissemination and Enlightenment of Knowledge about Ainu Traditions" was enacted in 1997. The purpose of the law is to realize a society in which the pride of the Ainu as a people is respected, and to contribute to the development of diverse cultures in our society through promotion of Ainu culture. This law, however, does not explicitly affirm the indigenousness of Ainu people and does not affirm indigenous rights of Ainu people.The dominant theory of the Constitutional law of Japan denies the indigenous rights of Ainu people. Some commentators, however, try to demonstrate that Ainu people enjoy indigenous rights under the Constitution of Japan. One argues that indigenous rights can be protected as collective rights of "the right to maintain the minimum standards of wholesome and cultured living" in Article 25 of the Constitution. The other understands indigenous rights as the right to enjoy his or her own culture of social minorities. Sapporo District Court held in 1997 that Ainu people are guaranteed the right to enjoy his or her own culture by the Article 13 of the Constitution.The part II of the Constitution Act, 1982 of Canada guarantees Rights of the Aboriginal peoples of Canada Section 35 affirms "the existing aboriginal and treaty rights of aboriginal peoples of Canada". Section 35.1 affirms the principle that the representatives of the aboriginal peoples of Canada be invited to the constitutional conference that includes in its agenda an item relating to the proposed amendment to sections concerning aboriginal rights.Section 25 of Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms stipulates that "the guarantee in this Charter of certain rights and freedoms shall not be construed so as to abrogate or derogate from any aboriginal, treaty or other rights or freedoms that pertain to the aboriginal peoples of Canada".

1997年制定了《阿伊努文化振兴及阿伊努传统知识的传播和启蒙法》。该法的目的是实现阿伊努人作为民族的自豪感受到尊重的社会，并通过阿伊努文化的振兴为我国社会的多元文化的发展做出贡献。但是，该法并没有明确肯定阿伊努人的土著性，也没有肯定阿伊努人的本土性。阿伊努人的原住民权利。日本宪法的主流理论否认阿伊努人的原住民权利。然而，一些评论家试图证明阿伊努人享有日本宪法规定的土著权利。有人认为，土著权利可以作为宪法第25条中“维持健康和有文化生活的最低标准的权利”的集体权利受到保护。另一个了解土著权利是社会少数群体享有自己文化的权利。札幌地方法院于1997年裁定，宪法第13条保障阿伊努人享有自己文化的权利。加拿大1982年宪法法案第二部分保障加拿大原住民的权利，第35条确认了“加拿大原住民现有的原住民权利和条约权利”。第 35.1 条确认了代表们的原则邀请加拿大原住民参加制宪会议，其议程中包括与原住民权利章节拟议修正案有关的项目。《加拿大权利和自由宪章》第 25 条规定，“本宪章中对某些权利和自由的保证不得解释为废除或减损与原住民有关的任何原住民、条约或其他权利或自由。加拿大原住民”。