Party Politics in Contemporary Nepal

尼泊尔的民主应该从三个层面进行评估。作为一种理念，所有政党都认为民主是完全合法的，没有任何条件。作为1990年宪法中制度化的制度，尼泊尔共产党-毛派不接受它，但其他所有政党，如大会党、尼共-联合马列、人民党等都或多或少承认了它的正统。因此，无论是作为一种理念，还是作为一种制度化的制度，民主在尼泊尔的实现程度都与西方国家或日本不相上下。然而，作为一种实践，民主在尼泊尔从来没有很好地发挥作用，其中一个主要原因是民族宗教-印度教根深蒂固的宿命论。它阻止了尼泊尔人民成为能够实行民主的独立个人。因此，如果不处理宿命论，宪法中宣布的民主就很难作为一种实践来实现。从这样的角度出发，本研究分析了当代尼泊尔的政党政治，为尼泊尔真正的民主化提供了一些线索。

Nepalese democracy should be evaluated at three levels. As an idea, all political parties see democracy completely legitimate without any condition. As a system institutionalized in the 1990 Constitution, the Communist Party of Nepal-Maoist does not accept it, but all the other parties such as the Congress Party, the CPN-UML, the RPP, etc. admit more or less its orthodoxy. So, both as an idea and as an institutionalized system, democracy is already as much realized in Nepal as in the western countries or Japan. However, as a practice, democracy is never functioning well in Nepal.One of the main reasons rests on the deep seated fatalism of the national religion-Hinduism. It has prevented Nepalese people from becoming independent individuals who can practice democracy. So, without tackling with the fatalism, the democracy declared in the Constitution will be hardly realized as a practice.From such a viewpoint, this study analyzed the contemporary Nepalese party politics and got some clues for the real democratization of Nepal.