The Policy Space of the "Lost Decade": Exploring Japanese election promises in 1990s

我们制作了20世纪90年代日本大选候选人竞选承诺的数据集，并利用日本政界人士承诺的内容和目标的百分比数据进行了因子分析。(1)我们可以提取总-部分和分配-再分配两个维度，并假设四个领域，(A)猪肉桶(部分和分配)，(B)福利(部分和再分配)，(C)意识形态(全面和再分配)，(D)改革(全面和分配)。(2)1990年，地方利益导向的自民党面临反对，其中思想社会党区别于像福利问题一样急于追求个人利益的政党(共产党人和公明党)。(3)1993年最热门的问题是1955年的政权改革。突然，新的国策领域找到了，各方都赶到了那里。这一变化的象征性政党是自民党的新人和叛逃者。两个主要政党的动作相对较小。(4)1996年进行了两个级别的比赛。自民党、新边疆党和民主党人争论不休的更受欢迎的议程是关于各种主题的国家改革。细川联合政府的形成和垮台可以用政党的政策立场来解释。但下一次自民党-社会党-佐贺克联盟需要另一个理由。

We made the dataset of candidates' electoral pledges in 1990s Japanese general elections and executed factor analyses using the percent data of contents and targets, which Japanese politicians had promised.(1)We can extract two dimensions : total-partial and distributive-redistributive, and suppose four areas, (a) pork barrels (partial and distributive), (b) welfare (partial and redistributive), (C) ideology (total and redistributive), and (d) reform (total and distributive).(2)In 1990, local benefit-oriented LDP faced with oppositions, in which ideological Socialists were distinguished from parties eager to individual interests as welfare problems (Communists and Komei-Tou).(3)The hottest issue of 1993 was "reforms" of 1955 regime. Suddenly, the new national policy area was found, and all parties rushed there. Symbolic parties of this change were newcomers and defectors from LDP. The two major parties showed relatively small motions.(4)Two levels competitions were contested in 1996. The agenda of more popular one, which LDP, New Frontier Party and Democrats battled, was national reforms about various subjects. The other minor one was ideological.(5)The formation and fall of the Hosokawa coalition government can be explained by policy positions of parties. But next LDP-Socialists-Sakigake coalition required another reason.