The Policy Space of the "Lost Decade": Exploring Japanese election promises in 1990s

我们制作了1990年代日本总选候选人承诺的数据集，并利用日本政治家承诺的内容和目标的百分比数据进行了因子分析。(1)我们可以提取两个维度：总量-部分和分配-再分配，并假设四个领域，(a)猪肉桶（部分和分配），(b)福利（部分和再分配），(C)意识形态（总量和再分配），(d)改革（总量和再分配）。(2) 1990年，以地方利益为导向的自民党面临反对，其中意识形态的社会主义者与渴望个人利益作为福利问题的政党（共产党和公明党）有所区别。1993年最热门的问题是1955年制度的“改革”。突然间，新的国家政策领域被发现了，各方都涌向那里。这一变化的象征性政党是自民党的新成员和脱党者。两大政党的议案相对较小。(4)一九九六年有两个级别的比赛。自民党、新边疆党和民主党争夺的更受欢迎的议程是关于各种主题的国家改革。另一个小问题是意识形态上的。(5)细川护熙联合政府的形成和垮台可以用政党的政策立场来解释。但是下一个自民党-社会党- sakigake联盟需要另一个理由。

We made the dataset of candidates' electoral pledges in 1990s Japanese general elections and executed factor analyses using the percent data of contents and targets, which Japanese politicians had promised.(1)We can extract two dimensions : total-partial and distributive-redistributive, and suppose four areas, (a) pork barrels (partial and distributive), (b) welfare (partial and redistributive), (C) ideology (total and redistributive), and (d) reform (total and distributive).(2)In 1990, local benefit-oriented LDP faced with oppositions, in which ideological Socialists were distinguished from parties eager to individual interests as welfare problems (Communists and Komei-Tou).(3)The hottest issue of 1993 was "reforms" of 1955 regime. Suddenly, the new national policy area was found, and all parties rushed there. Symbolic parties of this change were newcomers and defectors from LDP. The two major parties showed relatively small motions.(4)Two levels competitions were contested in 1996. The agenda of more popular one, which LDP, New Frontier Party and Democrats battled, was national reforms about various subjects. The other minor one was ideological.(5)The formation and fall of the Hosokawa coalition government can be explained by policy positions of parties. But next LDP-Socialists-Sakigake coalition required another reason.