International Comparative Study on the Development of Labor Market in Asia.

本研究通过密集收集亚洲国家的统计数据进行宏观分析，并通过笔者自己的实况调查，结合相关参考资料和微观分析，试图对处于发展前沿的亚洲劳动力市场进行跨国比较。具体的分析主题包括：按资本规模/业务规模形成的劳动力市场，单个企业内部劳动力市场的特点，每个劳动力市场的性别分工，基于劳动者学历的等级与劳动/技能形成的功能分工之间的关系，以及劳动力市场的地域性和市场结构的差异。对这些项目的综合分析旨在澄清处于当代亚洲发展前沿的劳动力市场的国际比较。总体而言，亚洲国家/地区多元化劳动力市场的形成呈现出独特的演变，这些地区特有的社会制度因素与主要来自发达国家跨国企业直接投资的市场原则之间存在互动调节。除了亚洲国家国内劳动力市场的分层外，多层次市场在国际上变得突出，导致劳动力差距扩大。日本企业是该地区的主要外国公司，它们试图通过追求业务本地化和降低劳动力成本的战略，使其日式管理/生产体系适应亚洲风格，这是扩大劳动力市场差距结构的因素之一。建立保障绝大多数工人的不稳定就业阶层的生活和就业的机构将是一个紧迫的问题。

Integrating macro analyses through intensive collection of statistical data on Asian countries as well as related references and micro analyses through the author's own fact-finding surveys, this research attempts to cross-nationally compare the labor markets at the forefront of development in Asia. The specific subjects for analysis include labor market formation by capital scale/business scale, characteristics of internal labor markets of individual enterprises, gender division of labor in each labor markets, relations between hierarchy based on academic backgrounds of laborers and functional division of labor/skill formation, and regionality of labor market and differences in market structure. The comprehensive analysis of these items addresses clarification of the international comparison in labor markets in the forefront of development in contemporary Asia.To conclude as a whole, the formations of the diversified labor markets in Asian countries/regions have shown unique evolutions with interactive regulation between the peculiar socio-institutional factors to those areas and the market principles that pervade with an impact mainly from direct investments by multinational enterprises of developed countries. In addition to stratification of the domestic labor markets of the Asian nations, the multi-layered market becomes prominent internationally causing widening of the labor gap. Japanese enterprises, major foreign companies in the region, have tried to adapt their Japanese-style management/production systems to the Asian style with a strategy to pursue localization of business and lower labor costs, which is one of the factors to expand the gap structures in the labor markets. Development of institutions to secure lives and employment of unstable employment strata that command an overwhelming majority of the workers will be an urgent issue.