Action of sex pheromone in Amphibia

1.通过双侧鼻孔堵塞或切断鼻腔和嗅球之间的神经，可以消除对这种物质的引诱作用，因此，雌性斑点螈的引诱信息素“索德弗林”被认为是通过雌性嗅觉器官起作用的。电生理学研究表明，索德菊酯作用于雌性犁鼻上皮中央区域时，可引起明显的电嗅觉反应。结果表明，犁鼻上皮内的犁鼻受体细胞轴突终止于副嗅球。我们观察了在副嗅球附近区域应用索德林对女性犁鼻区的不同电生理反应。2.精氨酸催产素(AVT)对雄性生殖事件的影响。AVT增强雄激素诱导的求爱行为的表达。AVT可能起中枢作用，因为当激素为…时，aVT诱发的行为要少得多。种族内给药比腹内给药更多的。内源性AVT参与自发发生的求爱行为的证据是，给予V1(血管加压素)受体拮抗剂抑制求爱行为的表达。用AVT处理雄鱼的水显示出相当大的吸引雌性的活动。此外，腹膜腔内注射AVT后，索德芬的含量降低，提示AVT可刺激腹水腺向水中释放索德芬。AVT呈浓度依赖性地引起离体腹腺收缩，V1受体拮抗剂可抑制AVT引起的收缩。因此，我们得出结论，AVT诱导信息素释放，外围作用于腹部腺体的收缩结构。AVT还能诱导雄性精原细胞沉积。给雄鼠注射V1受体阻滞剂，可抑制精巢沉积。这些结果表明，AVT参与了中枢和外周的生殖事件。较少

1.A female attracting pheromone of the newt, "sodefrin", was considered to act through the olfactory organ of female since attraction to this substance was abolished by bilateral nostril plugging or nerve transection between the nasal cavity and the olfactory bulb. Electrophysiological studies revealed that sodefrin evoked a marked electro-olfactogram (EOG) response when applied to the central region of the vomeronasal epithelium of the female. It was ascertained that the axons of vomeronasal receptor cells in vomeronasal epithelium terminate in the accessory olfactory bulb. We observed the various electrophysiological responses at the region near the accessory olfactory bulb by sodefrin application to the female vomeronasal region.2.Effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) on reproductive events in the male. AVT enhanced the expression of androgen-induced courtship behavior. AVT was likely to act centrally since the behavior was evoked with a much smaller amount of AVT when the hormone was … More administered intracracially than when given intaperitoneally. Involvement of endogenous AVT in spontaneously occurring courtship behavior was evidenced by the fact that administration of a V1 (vasopressor) receptor antagonist suppressed the expression of the courtship behavior. The water in which AVT-treated males had been kept showed considerable female-attracting activity. Moreover, the content of sodefrin was decreased by the intraperitoneal injection of AVT, suggesting that the AVT stimulated the release of sodefrin from the abdominal gland into the water. AVT induced contraction of the excised abdominal gland concentration-dependently ; and the V1 receptor antagonist suppressed the AVT-induced contraction. Thus, we concluded that AVT induces the pheromone discharge, acting peripherally on a contractile structure of the abdominal gland. AVT was also found to induce spermatophore deposition in the male. Administration of the V1 receptor blocker, to the males suppressed the spermatophore deposition. All these results indicate, the involvement of AVT in reproductive events acting centrally and peripherally. Less