Action of sex pheromone in Amphibia

1.一种雌性蝾螈的吸引信息素“sodefrin”被认为是通过雌性的嗅觉器官起作用的，因为对这种物质的吸引力通过双侧鼻孔堵塞或鼻腔和嗅球之间的神经横断而被消除。电生理研究表明，当应用于雌性犁鼻上皮中央区域时，sodefrin引起了显着的电嗅觉反应（EOG）。确定犁鼻上皮中犁鼻受体细胞的轴突终止于副嗅球。在雌性犁鼻区应用sodefrin，观察了副嗅球附近区域的各种电生理反应。精氨酸缩宫素（AVT）对男性生殖事件的影响。AVT增强雄激素诱导的求偶行为的表达。AVT很可能在中枢起作用，因为当激素在腹腔内注射比在腹腔内注射更多时，AVT的量要少得多。内源性AVT参与自发发生的求偶行为，这一事实被V1（血管加压素）受体拮抗剂抑制求偶行为的表达所证明。avt处理过的雄鱼所在的水显示出相当大的吸引雌鱼的活动。此外，腹腔注射AVT降低了sodefrin的含量，提示AVT刺激了sodefrin从腹腺释放到水中。AVT诱导切除的腹腺呈浓度依赖性收缩；V1受体拮抗剂抑制avt诱导的收缩。因此，我们得出结论，AVT诱导信息素放电，作用于周围的腹部腺体的收缩结构。AVT还能诱导雄鼠的精囊沉积。给雄鼠注射V1受体阻滞剂可抑制精囊沉积。所有这些结果表明，AVT参与生殖事件的中枢和外周。少

1.A female attracting pheromone of the newt, "sodefrin", was considered to act through the olfactory organ of female since attraction to this substance was abolished by bilateral nostril plugging or nerve transection between the nasal cavity and the olfactory bulb. Electrophysiological studies revealed that sodefrin evoked a marked electro-olfactogram (EOG) response when applied to the central region of the vomeronasal epithelium of the female. It was ascertained that the axons of vomeronasal receptor cells in vomeronasal epithelium terminate in the accessory olfactory bulb. We observed the various electrophysiological responses at the region near the accessory olfactory bulb by sodefrin application to the female vomeronasal region.2.Effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT) on reproductive events in the male. AVT enhanced the expression of androgen-induced courtship behavior. AVT was likely to act centrally since the behavior was evoked with a much smaller amount of AVT when the hormone was … More administered intracracially than when given intaperitoneally. Involvement of endogenous AVT in spontaneously occurring courtship behavior was evidenced by the fact that administration of a V1 (vasopressor) receptor antagonist suppressed the expression of the courtship behavior. The water in which AVT-treated males had been kept showed considerable female-attracting activity. Moreover, the content of sodefrin was decreased by the intraperitoneal injection of AVT, suggesting that the AVT stimulated the release of sodefrin from the abdominal gland into the water. AVT induced contraction of the excised abdominal gland concentration-dependently ; and the V1 receptor antagonist suppressed the AVT-induced contraction. Thus, we concluded that AVT induces the pheromone discharge, acting peripherally on a contractile structure of the abdominal gland. AVT was also found to induce spermatophore deposition in the male. Administration of the V1 receptor blocker, to the males suppressed the spermatophore deposition. All these results indicate, the involvement of AVT in reproductive events acting centrally and peripherally. Less