A study on a new maritime lifesaving multiple-effect solar still

新型海上救生多效太阳能蒸馏器的研究

• 批准号: 14550190
• 负责人: TANAKA Hiroshi
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: Kurume National College of Technology (2003)University of the Ryukyus (2002)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2003
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14550190/
• 关键词: Solar Energy; Distillation; Desalination; Multiple-effect; Maritime Saving; Drinking water; 海水淡水化; 蒸発・凝縮; 拡散

The proposed maritime lifesaving solar still has almost same structure with a downward-heating multiple-effect diffusion-type solar still, and consists of a transparent cover film and a number of horizontal parallel partitions in contact with saline-soaked wicks with narrow air gaps between partitions. The first partition, or uppermost partition, absorbs solar energy to cause evaporation from seawater in the wick on underside of the first partition. The water vapor diffuses through a humid air layer between partitions and condenses on the second partition where latent heat of condensation is recovered to be used further evaporation from the wick of the second partition. Such evaporation and condensation process repeats on all partitions to greatly increase overall production of distillate.We theoretically investigated the performance of the proposed still, and found that the proposed still is estimated to produce about 15 kg/m^2d of fresh water on a sunny day of 22 MJ/m^2d of solar radiation, and such amount of fresh water production is large enough, exceeding the minimum standard set by SOLAS.We also performed indoor-and outdoor-experiments using a single effect still without cover film, which may be easily applied for practical use, and the results of the experiments are summarized as follows: (1) Productivity is 28 % larger with using the partition, on which saline-soaked wick is attached, as natural gum than urethane film. (2) Productivity is 83 % larger for the still of diffusion gap between evaporation and condensation surfaces is 5 mm than that of 7 mm. (3) Salt deposition area is about 4 % of total evaporation area. (4) Single effect still without cover film produced about 2.8 kg/m^2d at a sunny day, and this amount of fresh water meets the minimum requirements set by SOLAS.

所提出的海上救生太阳能蒸馏器与向下加热的多效扩散式太阳能蒸馏器的结构几乎相同，由透明盖膜和多个水平平行隔板组成，这些隔板与盐水浸泡的灯芯接触，隔板之间有狭窄的气隙。第一隔板或最上面的隔板吸收太阳能以使第一隔板底面上的灯芯中的海水蒸发。水蒸气通过隔板和第二隔板上的冷凝物之间的湿空气层扩散，其中冷凝的潜热被回收以用于从第二隔板的芯部进一步蒸发。这种蒸发和冷凝过程在所有的隔板上重复，以极大地提高蒸馏油的整体产量。我们从理论上考察了该蒸馏器的性能，发现在太阳辐射22MJ/m2d的晴天，该蒸馏器的淡水产量估计约为15 kg/m^2d，这样的淡水产量足够大，超过了SOLAS规定的最低标准。我们还进行了室内和室外的单效无盖膜蒸馏器的实验，实验结果如下：(1)使用该隔板，生产率提高了28%，在其上附着盐水浸泡的灯芯，作为天然胶而不是氨基甲酸酯薄膜。(2)蒸发面与冷凝面之间的扩散间隙为5 mm时，生产率比7 mm时提高了83%。(3)盐分沉积面积约占总蒸发面积的4%。(4)晴天无覆膜单效蒸发量约为2.8 kg/m~2·d，满足SOLAS的最低要求。

项目成果

K.Fukui, T.Nosoko, H.Tanaka, T.Nagata: "A maritime lifesaving solar distiller"Thermal Science & Engineering. 10-4. 63-64 (2002)

K.Fukui、T.Nosoko、H.Tanaka、T.Nagata：“海上救生太阳能蒸馏器”热科学

K.Fukui, T.Nosoko, H.Tanaka, T.Nagata: "A maritime lifesaving solar distiller"Thermal Science & Engineering. 10・4. 63-64 (2002)

K.Fukui、T.Nosoko、H.Tanaka、T.Nagata：“海上救生太阳能蒸馏器”热科学与工程 10・4（2002）。

K.Fukui, T.Nosoko, H.Tanaka, T.Nagata: "A new maritime lifesaving multiple-effect solar still design"Desalination. 160-2. 271-283 (2004)

K.Fukui、T.Nosoko、H.Tanaka、T.Nagata：“一种新型海上救生多效太阳能蒸馏器设计”海水淡化。

K.Fukui, T.Nosoko, H.Tanaka, T.Nagata: "A new maritime lifesaving multiple-effect solar still design"Desalination. 160・2. 271-283 (2004)

K.Fukui、T.Nosoko、H.Tanaka、T.Nagata：“新型海上救生多效太阳能蒸馏器设计”160・2（2004）。