NeuroParTI: Evolutionary Trade-off Analysis of Human and Macaque Monkey Neurochemistry

人类神经递质和受体（NTR）系统的复杂性和专门化为我们提供了细致入微的适应性行为和独特的认知能力。这些NTR系统是神经元之间交流的分子基础，一个平衡的NTR生态系统对大脑功能和精神健康至关重要。这种平衡的破坏与一系列神经和精神疾病有关，如抑郁、焦虑、精神分裂症和各种认知障碍。尽管NTRs在脑功能中起着关键作用，但我们对这些系统的理解，特别是从进化的角度来看，仍然不完整。因此，了解NTR在人脑中的组织原理，可以对大脑在健康和疾病状态下的结构和功能分离产生有价值的见解。为了弥合这一知识差距，我们的项目旨在探索NTR系统的组织原理，使用创新的方法和来自人类和猕猴的新可访问的脑成像数据，以确定进化权衡。通过并并分析不同物种的NTR系统，我们的目标是揭示形成人类NTR系统之间平衡的进化力量。我们与已建立的方法进行系统比较，并与宏观大脑组织和遗传相关的已建立方面交叉验证我们的发现。这种严谨的方法将为人类大脑的基本神经化学组织和一系列行为的神经基础提供新的见解。这种理解可能最终有助于神经和精神疾病的新疗法。此外，该项目将产生丰富的资源，包括描述猕猴NTR系统的3D详细成像数据，新颖的方法框架和新的软件工具。这些宝贵的资产，虽然是我们项目的一部分，但也将证明对更广泛的科学界是无价的，从而将我们的工作的影响扩展到当前的项目范围之外。

The complexity and specialization of neurotransmitter and receptor (NTR) systems in humans have afforded us nuanced, adaptive behaviours and a unique spectrum of cognitive abilities. These NTR systems are the molecular foundation for communication between neurons, and a balanced NTR ecosystem is crucial for brain functioning and mental health. Disruptions in this balance have been implicated in a spectrum of neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and various cognitive impairments. Despite the pivotal role of NTRs in brain function, our understanding of these systems, particularly from an evolutionary standpoint, remains incomplete. Comprehending the NTR's organisational principles in the human brain, therefore, could yield valuable insights into the brain's structural and functional segregation, both in health and disease states. To bridge this knowledge gap, our project seeks to explore the organisational principles of NTR systems using innovative methodologies and newly accessible brain imaging data from both humans and macaque monkeys to identify evolutionary trade-offs. By juxtaposing and analysing NTR systems across species, we aim to uncover the evolutionary forces that have shaped the balance between NTR systems in humans. We perform systematic comparisons with established methods and cross-validate our findings with established facets of macroscopic brain organization and genetic correlates. This rigorous approach will offer novel insights into the fundamental neurochemical organisation of the human brain and neural underpinnings of a range of behaviours. This understanding might ultimately contribute to novel treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Additionally, this project will generate a wealth of resources, including detailed imaging data describing macaque monkey NTR systems in 3D, novel methodological frameworks, and new software tools. These valuable assets, while being integral to our project, will also prove invaluable to the broader scientific community, thus extending the impact of our work beyond the immediate project scope.