Genetic factor and alternation of physical performance.-Angiotensin I converting enzyme gene polymorphism and phenotypes-

在本项目中，开展了以下3项调查。(1)血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性是否影响单次运动时的激素反应和血压。(2)血管紧张素转换酶基因I/D多态性与力量减退的关系。(3)ACE基因I/D多态是否影响老年人的运动训练效果。(1)12名ACE基因I/I或D/D基因缺失的青年男性作为研究对象。他们进行了中、中、大强度运动试验。令人惊讶的是，安静时、运动中和运动后的血清血管紧张素(Ang)II浓度在不同基因型之间没有差异。Ang II的反应依赖于作为Ang II底物的Ang I，提示ACE基因I/D多态性不是Ang II产生的主要因素。(2)190名老年人参与本研究。术后4年对患者的伸腿力量、伸膝力量和握力进行评定。结果表明，各指标在不同基因型间的变化规律基本一致。这一结果提示血管紧张素转换酶基因I/D多态性不影响力量随年龄增长而下降。(3)135名老年人参与本研究。他们在乳酸门槛强度下进行12周的台阶运动训练。结果表明，不同基因型对无氧能力和伸腿力量的训练反应相似。有趣的是，作为心脏功能指标的校正QT仅在D/D的女性中得到改善。结果表明，ACE基因I/D多态并不是决定人体体能的强烈遗传因素，运动训练适应机制受基因多态的影响。

In this project, follow 3 investigations were carried out. (1)Whether angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) Polymorphism influence hormonal response and blood pressure during a single bout of exercise. (2)Relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and strength decline with aging. (3)Whether ACE gene I/D polymorphism affect the effects of exercise training in elderly.(1)Twelve young men with I/I or D/D of ACE gone I/D polymorphism were participated this study. They performed moderate, middle and high intensity exercise test. Surprisingly, serum angiotensin (Ang) II concentration was not difference at rest, during and after exercise between the genotypes. Ang II response depend on Ang I, which is substrate of Ang II. The results suggest that the ACE gene I/D polymorphism is not strong factor of Ang II production.(2)One hundred ninety elderly people were participated in this study. The leg extension power, knee extension strength and grip strength were evaluated for 4 years. As the results, there indexes are similar change among genotypes. This results suggest that strength decline with aging is not influenced by ACE gene I/D polymorphism.(3)One hundred thirty five elderly were participated in this study. They performed bench step exercise training for 12weeks at the lactate threshold intensity. As the results, the training responses of anaerobic capacity and leg extension power were similar among the genotypes. Interestingly, corrected QT, which is index of heart function, is improved in only women with D/D.There results suggest that however, the ACE gene I/D polymorphism is not strongly genetic factor to determine human physical performance, the mechanism of the adaptation to exercise training is influenced the gene polymorphism.