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The Structure of Delivery of Legal Service in the Legally Depopulated Areas : A Research Combining Methods of Case Study and Opinion Survey.

法定人口稠密地区法律服务的结构：案例研究与意见调查相结合的研究。

基本信息

批准号：
15330004
负责人：
KASHIMURA Shiro
金额：
$ 4.86万
依托单位：
Kobe University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

One of the major causes of difficulties in people's obtaining appropriate legal services when they need is the uneven distribution of legal service providers--lawyers, judicial scribners, courts, or various legal consultation services. It is known that legal service providers, especially lawyers, are concentrated in larger cities and the residents in smaller cities, towns or villages experience a massive difficulty to finding one in their geographically proxy areas. This raises the question: how are legal disputes are resolved in less metropolitan areas of Japan? Strangely, the discussions on eneven distribution of legal services among cities and towns have been almost exclusively focusing on the seer number of lawyers. To design a more effective delivery system, however, it is necessary to know what happens in the less metropolitan areas and how the situation is coped with by the residents necessary using the locally available measures. It is also important to know how the legal servi … More ce providersas well as the residents perceive the needs of legal services. The present study seeks to gain a realistic picture of how the legal disputes are coped with in these areas by combining the methods of case study and opinioin survey.The research group conducted the case study research in such rural areas as Tango(Kyoto), Iwami (Shimane), Miyako (Okinawa) and Ishigaki (Okinawa) in 2003. Our researcher visited the area and conducted the interviews with local lawyers, city hall officials, judicial scribners, courts, police, consumer protection offices. Benefited by the small number of available legal remedies, the interviews and observations are conducted with large proportion of local alternatives to access the law. In 200.1., the research group conducted a cross-sectional opinion survey in 6 cities in less metroplitan areas--Goshogawara (Aomori), Nihohe (Iwate), Mineyama (Kyoto), Gojo (Nara), Iki (Nagasaki),Ishigaki(Okinawa). The questionaire asking opinions on law and related subjects were sent to 6,000 residents (1,000 for each city) and obtaind the answer from 1,783 residents from 6 cities( Response rate being 29,7%). A graduate student in the reserch group stayed for a while as a resident in Ishigaki and conducted an in-depth observation of local attitudes and behaviors.The group also held a series of meetings inviting lawyers and other service providers to discuss the local situations. A micro-analysis of communication of law in legal consultation was also conducted utilising the method of conversation alalysis.The case studies revealed that (1)the digree and direction of immersion of newly arrived lawyer in community life differ significantly in areas, one of the reason of local variety is (1a) importance of personal relationship in local life, (1b) different availability of legal service providers already existed in the area, among others. The study revealed also (2)the lawyers and judges are sensitive to local custums corresponding the law (firendship based financing, transaction of land etc) and sometimes complain that the local customs make the straightforward application of law difficult. Thus there are interesting cleverage between legal service providers and community, and city officials in legal consultation services being a broker of legal consciousnes between them. The opinion survey revealed the pattern of some correspondence with the case study results. (1)It is not apparent, at least with preliminary analysis of the resutls, that 6 cities differ each other in term of opinions toward the law and related subjects. (2)Contrary to the popularly accepted view of popular dislike to law in Japanese life, the law and legal service providers (especially lawyers) are regarded important, trustworthy and effective. (3)The local residents consult with lawyers more frequently than the reserach group expected, though it is not clear whethere they turn to local lawyers or lawyers outside town. The preliminary results are presented at a mini-symposium at 2006 Annual Meeting of Japan Sociology of Law Association and at many other academic meetings. The group is preparing for results to publishe in English in the near future. Less

人们在需要时难以获得适当的法律的服务的主要原因之一是法律的服务提供者-律师、司法抄写员、法院或各种法律的咨询服务-分布不均衡。众所周知，法律的服务提供者，特别是律师，集中在较大的城市，而较小的城市、城镇或乡村的居民在其地理上的代理地区很难找到一个。这就提出了一个问题：在日本的小都市地区，法律的纠纷是如何解决的？奇怪的是，关于法律的服务在城镇之间均匀分布的讨论几乎完全集中在律师的数量上。然而，为了设计一个更有效的提供系统，有必要了解在较小的城市地区发生了什么，以及居民如何利用当地现有的措施来应对这种情况。了解法律的服务如何 ...更多信息社区服务提供者和居民对法律的服务的需求。本研究采用个案研究和舆论调查相结合的方法，对这些地区的法律的纠纷处理情况进行了实证研究。研究小组于2003年在丹后（京都）、岩见（岛根）、宫古（冲绳）和石垣（冲绳）等农村地区进行了个案研究。我们的研究人员访问了该地区，并与当地律师，市政厅官员，司法抄写员，法院，警察，消费者保护办公室进行了访谈。由于可利用的法律的补救办法为数不多，访谈和观察是在有很大比例的当地替代办法诉诸法律的情况下进行的。200.1.年，研究小组在6个城市进行了一次横截面意见调查，这些城市是：戈绍加瓦拉（青森）、二丰（岩手）、峰山（京都）、五条（奈良）、伊基（长崎）、石垣（冲绳）。对6个城市的6,000名居民（每个城市1,000人）进行了关于法律及相关问题的问卷调查，得到了1,783名居民的回答（回答率为29.7%）。研究小组的一名研究生在石垣市居住了一段时间，对当地的态度和行为进行了深入的观察。研究小组还举行了一系列会议，邀请律师和其他服务提供者讨论当地的情况。本文还运用会话分析法对法律的咨询中的法律传播进行了微观分析，通过个案研究发现：（1）新来律师融入社区生活的深度和方向在地区上存在显著差异，造成地区差异的原因之一是：（1）人际关系在当地生活中的重要性;（1b）除其他外，该地区已有不同的法律的服务提供者。研究还表明，（2）律师和法官对与法律相对应的当地习俗（基于友谊的融资、土地交易等）很敏感，有时抱怨当地习俗使法律难以直接适用。因此，在法律的服务提供者和社区之间存在着有趣的冲突，而从事法律的咨询服务的市政官员则是他们之间法律的意识的中介人。意见调查显示，个案研究的结果与意见调查的结果有一定的对应关系。(1)It至少从初步分析的结果来看，6个城市在法律和相关问题上的意见并不明显。（2）与日本人普遍不喜欢法律的看法相反，日本人认为法律和法律的服务提供者（特别是律师）是重要的、值得信赖的和有效的。（3）当地居民向律师咨询的频率高于研究组的预期，但不清楚他们是向当地律师还是向外地律师咨询。初步研究结果已在2006年日本法律社会学协会年会的小型研讨会和许多其他学术会议上发表。该小组正在准备在不久的将来用英语公布结果。少