A Comparative Study of Emerging Forms of Interorganization Relationships Among Japan, China, USA, and Europe

在过去的几年里，对小世界和小世界现象的研究使社会网络和网络理论的研究重新焕发了活力。根据Watts提出的“小世界网络模型”，小世界是一个大的、连通的、稀疏的、去中心化的网络，它具有较低的特征路径长度和较高的聚类程度。在考虑从高度集群网络到小世界的潜在路径时，Watts注意到，添加一小部分捷径可以缩短路径长度，而不会显著减少网络的集群。在这样做的过程中，他证明了局部结构的适度变化如何导致全球结构的重大变化，并为结构研究注入了谨慎的注意。我们的研究旨在探讨一个企业或一个地区的繁荣与其网络结构之间的关系，借鉴小世界网络的观点。作为一个真实世界的小世界网络案例，我们分析了跨国网络和中国温州的转型。温州曾经是中国最贫穷的地区之一。然而，温州人现在享受着巨大的繁荣。这似乎是因为他们既利用了紧密的常规关系（亲属关系和以省为基础的关系），也利用了少数的远程途径。他们离开贫困的家乡是为了过上更好的生活，尤其是在上世纪八九十年代。因此，温州人建立了以血缘和友谊为基础的跨国网络。有趣的是，他们仍在继续重新布线，以寻找新的机会。温州企业家通过小世界网络快速、无冗余地传递信息，具有速动优势。它们对不断变化的环境表现出非凡的适应能力。我们得出的结论是，为了繁荣，必须在本地联系和长期联系之间取得平衡。网络拓扑可能对其中的参与者的性能有很大的影响。毕竟，网络拓扑应该很重要。少

Over the past several years, investigations into small worlds and the small world phenomenon have reinvigorated the study of social networks and network theory more generally. As per Watts, who introduced the so-called "small-world network model", a small world is a large, connected, sparse, decentralized network which has both a low characteristic path length and a high degree of clustering. In considering potential paths from highly clustered networks to small worlds, Watts notes that the addition of a tiny fraction of shortcuts can collapse path length without significantly reducing a network's clustering. In so doing, he demonstrates how significant changes in global structure can result from modest changes in local structure, and injects a note of caution into studies of structure.Our research has aimed to inquire into the correlation between the prosperity of an enterprise or a region and the structure of its networks, drawing on a small world network perspective. As a real world … More case of small world networks, we have analyzed transnational networks and the transformation of Wenzhou, China. Wenzhou used to be one of the poorest regions in China. Wenzhou people, however, enjoy immense prosperity at present. This appears to be because they have made use of both tightly knit regular ties (kinship & province-based ties) and a small number of long-range paths. They moved out of their impoverished hometown on purpose to be better off, especially in the 1980s and the 1990s. As a result, Wenzhou people have established transnational networks based on kinship and friendship. Interestingly, they still continue to be rewired in search of new opportunities. Wenzhou entrepreneurs have a quick movers' advantage by rapid, non-redundant information transmission through small world networks. They exhibit remarkable resilience to ever changing environments. We have come to the conclusion that it must be important to strike a balance between local and long-range connections for prosperity. A network topology is likely to have a great impact on performance of actors who are within it. After all, a network topology should matter. Less