The aspects of a public sphere crossing the nation-state in a process of the globalization ; A study of the comparison historical sociology on "colony" and "city"

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In this research, we aim to consider characteristics of public spheres which develop across a framework of nation-state as worldwide phenomena-globalizations-rapidly evolve. Mainly we focus on "colony" and "city" at the perspective of comparative sociology. For the past three years, we held research conferences thirteen times and make advance in analyzing globalizations through the approaches of history, anthropology, urban geography, and international politics.Concerning of cities, we put importance on fieldworks and visited some global cities, such as Dalian, Shanghai, Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi, Seoul, and furthermore Berlin and Paris. We put forward the research with having paied attention to transformations of the post-colonial cities in globalizations, and we go into search an economical differential, racial discrimination, and suburbanization. A part of this research is included in The Result Report of the Research, "The Fieldwork Report of Shanghai". We had a relationship with local scholars and institutes such as Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences and Academia Sinica in Taipei.An urban problem in the age of globalizations is always in connection with inter-city problems accompanied by transfers of capital and labor, or in connection with problems of cities, suburbs, regions and farm villages. Concepts and actual conditions of "global city" and "internal colony" came up again as an issue and transformations of colonialism evolving in globalizations, "colonialism without colony", became clear as we carried on the research. To discuss the issue sufficiently, we held the series of research conferences, "Globalization and Colonialism", sponsored by International institute of language and culture studies of Ritsumeikan university, and also opened symposiums five times from November to December in 2006.