The Cause and Remedy for Flat Pitch Singing by Computer Assisted Visual Feedback

本研究旨在厘清扁音高产生的原因与影响，并以电脑辅助视觉回馈的方式，探讨矫正方法。“平音高生产”一词可以定义为轻微的低音高演唱。实验分为两类：(1)对音高差异的感知(2)对声乐、钢琴和纯音三种刺激模型的音高-音程匹配精度。结果表明，音高分辨与音程匹配精度之间关系不大。然而，一些准确的歌手无法区分两个音调之间4或5赫兹的差异。大多数学生在对纯音和钢琴音模型做出反应时，产生的音程稍微平坦（p<.001）。他们唱得比声乐模特高得多。男性和女性的演唱效果也略有不同。女学生倾向于用假声低唱。模型差异对沥青生产过程有很大的影响。在补救方案上，我们使用了针对平音歌手的纠正反馈系统，该系统可以纠正Protools + Autotune & Melodyne 2.6演唱中的平音部分。平调歌手可以通过电脑显示器上的视觉线看到和听到原声平调演唱和校正音高演唱。纠正后的歌声是他们自己的声音，这样他们就可以很容易地模仿它作为目标模型。事实上，一位声乐专业的学生通过计算机辅助视觉反馈显著提高了她的平唱。我们得出结论，矫正视觉反馈对改善平唱是有效的。

This study is 1) to clarify the cause and effect of flat pitch production, and 2) to demonstrate the remedy method by computer assisted visual feedback. The term "flat pitch production" can be defined as a slight degree of poor pitch singing. Two kinds of experiments were conducted : (1)perception of pitch difference (2)pitch-interval matching accuracy to 3 kinds of stimulus models : vocal, piano and pure tone. It can be concluded that there is the little relationship between pitch discrimination and pitch-interval matching accuracy. However, some accurate singers could not discriminate the difference in 4 or 5 Hz between 2 tones. Most of the students went slightly flat when they produced pitch-intervals in response to the pure tone and piano tone models (p<.001). They sang significantly higher to the vocal model. There was also a slight difference between male and female singing production. Female students had a tendency toward lower singing using their falsetto voice. The model differences have a strong influence on the pitch production process.Regarding the remedy program, we used the correctional feedback system for flat singers, which could correct the flat part of singing by Protools + Autotune & Melodyne 2.6. Flat singers can see and listen both original flat singing and corrected pitch singing by visual line on the computer display. Corrected singing is their own voice so that they could easily imitate it as a target model. In fact, a vocal major student remarkably improved her flat singing by computer assisted visual feedback. We concluded that correctional visual feedback is effective for improving flat singing.