A Study of Gender in falsetto Voce

基于以上研究，我们得出以下结论：1）我们运用专为本研究而开发的“旋律分析法”对1945-2001年日本流行歌曲的音域进行了分析。研究结果表明：近年来流行歌曲中的男调偏高，男女之间音域的差异越来越大;男调偏高的趋势与“中性社会”相对应;男调偏高的趋势与使用假声或“乌拉戈”有密切关系，而假声或乌拉戈在20世纪40 - 60年代从未使用过。从生物学和历史学的角度对“假声与情态声”、“头声与胸声”、“uragoe与jigoe”等模糊术语进行了明确的界定。5）从社会结构和生物学的角度对“男高音”的假声进行了分析。日本女性在正式场合说话时声调偏高，在非正式场合说话时声调偏低。7）通过对学校演唱教材的分析，我们发现流行歌曲多安排为混声合唱。唱混声合唱，男生在学校没有机会使用假声。8）2002年我们举办了“假声与性别”国际研讨会。9）举办国际研讨会，我们发现当前日本人偏爱高音的倾向是世界的共同趋势。

Based on our study, we concludes following results :1) W analyzed the vocal range of Japanese pop songs 1945-2001 by "Melody Analysis" which was developed for the purpose of this study. Results show that Men's key in recent pop songs is so high that the difference of singing range between mend and women is getting closer.2) The tendency of men's high tone corresponds with the "Unisex Society".3) The tendency of men's high tone is closely related to using falsetto voice or "Uragoe" which has never used in 1940's -60's.4) We made clear definitions of such ambiguous term as "falsetto vs.modal voice", "head vs.chest voice", uragoe vs.jigoe" in terms of both biological and historical point of view.5) Falsetto voice by "Countertenor" is analyzed in terms of social structure and biological study.6) Compared to American Women, Japanese women have a tendency of speaking with high tone in formal situation and low tone in informal situation.7) Analyzing the school singing materials, we found that pop songs are arranged for mixed chorus. Singing mixed chorus, boys cannot have a chance to use falsetto voice at school.8) We hold the International Symposium on "Falsetto and gender" in 2002.9) Holding the International Symposium, we found that the current Japanese tendency of high tone favoritism is the common tendency of the world.