Energy metabolism under dietary restriction : an investigation of human adaptation

饮食限制下的能量代谢：人类适应的调查

• 批准号: 15370102
• 负责人: KOUDA Katsuyasu
• 金额: $ 6.78万
• 依托单位: Kansai Medical University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2003 至 2005
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15370102/
• 关键词: nutrition; environment; social medicine; anthropology; physiology; energy metabolism; 機能馴化; 呼吸商; 摂取エネルギー制限; 健康指導

The term "adaptability" or "capacity of adaptation" is the central concept in the general advancement and promotion of research in physiological anthropology. Throughout the history of Homo sapiens, mankind has adapted itself to environmental stress. As a result, numerous physiological polymorphisms in humans are present in our planet-wide distribution. Energy metabolism has been reported to vary among human populations. People living in arctic climates have a high basal metabolic rate (BMR). Tropical population has a low BMR. However, it is unclear whether such differences in BMR are genetically determined, or are due to short-term functional acclimatization.In the present research, to investigate a metabolic human adaptation, we conducted an epidemiological study for human nutritional stress at an institute for occupational health education. Subjects were divided randomly into a slight energy restriction (ER) group and a moderate ER group. During the ER, the subjects stay at dormitory of the institute, and the same life environment was provided for both groups. In a controlled study of short-term ER, BMR and respiratory quotient decreased. There was a positive association between a degree of ER and a reduction in BMR. In addition, changes in BMR were larger than those in body weight and other variables we measured. It is considered that this dramatic response of the BMR acts as a metabolic resistance, to minimize the reduction in body weight. These results were inspected by the animal experimental study. We demonstrated several changes in physiologic functions concerning metabolism by short-term fasting and energy restriction. From these results, it is considered that variation of energy metabolism among human population are not only determined genetically but also due to short-term functional acclimatization.These results has been presented at domestic and international congresses, and reported on international journals. Then, we ended the research project.

“适应”或“适应能力”这一术语是生理人类学研究总体进展和促进的中心概念。纵观智人的历史，人类一直在适应环境压力。因此，人类的许多生理多态存在于我们整个星球的分布中。据报道，能量代谢在人类群体中存在差异。生活在北极气候中的人有很高的基础代谢率(BMR)。热带人口的基础代谢率较低。然而，目前尚不清楚BMR中的这种差异是由基因决定的，还是由于短期的功能适应。在本研究中，为了调查新陈代谢的人类适应，我们在一家职业健康教育研究所进行了一项关于人类营养应激的流行病学研究。受试者随机分为轻度能量限制(ER)组和中度能量限制(ER)组。在急诊室期间，受试者住在研究所的宿舍，为两组提供相同的生活环境。在一项短期ER、BMR和呼吸商降低的对照研究中。ER的程度与BMR的减少呈正相关。此外，BMR的变化比我们测量的体重和其他变量的变化要大。BMR的这种戏剧性反应被认为是一种代谢阻力，可以最大限度地减少体重的减少。这些结果通过动物实验研究进行了检验。通过短期禁食和能量限制，我们展示了与代谢有关的几种生理功能的变化。从这些结果可以看出，人类群体中能量代谢的变化不仅是由遗传决定的，而且是由短期的功能适应所决定的。这些结果已在国内外会议上发表，并在国际期刊上发表。然后，我们结束了研究项目。

项目成果

Interrelationships among Whole Body Coordination, Functional Potentiality, and Environmental adaptability

全身协调性、功能潜力和环境适应性之间的相互关系

• 期刊: Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science (In press)
• 作者: Kouda K

Nakamura H: "Suppressive effects on delayed type hypersensitivity by fasting and dietary restriction in ICR mice."Toxicolgy Letters. 146. 259-267 (2004)

Nakamura H：“ICR 小鼠禁食和饮食限制对迟发型超敏反应的抑制作用。”毒理学快报。

Iwashige K: "Calorie restricted diet and urinary pentosidine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis"Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science. 23・1. 19-24 (2004)

Iwashige K：“类风湿关节炎患者的热量限制饮食和尿戊糖素”《生理人类学和应用人类科学杂志》23・1（2004）。

Kouda K: "Dietary restriction : effects of short-term fasting on protein uptake and cell death/proliferation in the rat liver"Mechanism of Ageing and Development. In press.

Kouda K：“饮食限制：短期禁食对大鼠肝脏蛋白质摄取和细胞死亡/增殖的影响”衰老和发育机制。

Metabolic Response to Short-term 4-day Energy Restriction in a Controlled Study

对照研究中短期 4 天能量限制的代谢反应

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine 11
• 作者: Kouda K;Nakamura H;Kohno H;Okuda T;Higashine Y;Hisamori K;Ishihara H;Tokunaga R;Sonoda Y
• 通讯作者: Sonoda Y