Investigation on the factors for depression of propagation ability in an isolated beech population-Analysis of the loci for inbreeding depression maintained within a meta-population-

自花授粉和异花授粉是在油葵自然种群中生长的母树进行的。自花授粉产生的实果比例极低（0 ~ 16.2%），异花授粉产生的实果比例较高（41% ~ 95%）。结果表明，油葵具有自交不亲和性。利用AFLP和SSR标记确定亲本树和F_1后代的基因型，构建雄性（140个标记，12个连锁组，1037 cM）和雌性（206个标记，13个连锁组，1096 cM）的连锁图谱。异花传粉的结实性与母本和花粉亲本的基因组相似性相关，表明存在双亲本近交抑制。为了研究近交抑制相关等位基因的数量和数量库，从全基因组中选择87个位点，对不同父系传粉产生的F_1后代的分离畸变进行了检测。15个位点表现出明显的隔离扭曲。在3个基因座中，分离畸变在2个家系中普遍存在。在这5个基因座中，3个不同家系中均存在分离畸变。这些结果表明，在当地群体中生长的个体具有与近交抑制相关的等位基因，利用4个SSR标记对花粉介导的基因流进行了评估。大多数花粉介导的基因流（92%）被发现局限于本地群体内。虽然山毛榉表现出自交不亲和性，存在与近交抑制相关的基因位点，且在局部种群内形成了较弱的空间遗传结构，但亲缘性与花粉亲本贡献的相关性非常弱。由于亲本之间的距离和花粉亲本的大小都影响着亲本的贡献，因此花粉产量可能是影响橡子产量的重要因素。

Self and cross pollination were performed with a mother tree grown in a natural population of Fagus crenata. Although the percentages of sound acorns produced by self pollination were remarkably low (0 to 16.2%), those produced by cross pollination were higher and varied with the pollen parent (41 to 95%). The results suggest Fagus crenata is self-incompatible.Genotypes of the parental trees and F_1 progenies were determined by AFLP and SSR markers, and linkage maps for male (140 markers,12 linkage groups,1037 cM) and female (206 markers,13 linkage groups,1096 cM) were constructed. The acorn-soundness for cross pollination was correlated with the genome wide similarities between mother and the pollen parents, indicating the existence of bi-parental inbreeding depression. To examine the number and repertories of the alleles related to inbreeding depression, segregation distortion in F_1 progenies generated from the pollination with the different fathers was examined at the 87 loci selected from whole genome.Fifteen loci represented significant segregation distortion. In the three loci, segregation distortion was observed in common with two pedigrees. In the five loci, segregation distortion was observed in common with three different pedigrees. These results indicate that the individuals grown in the local population shared alleles related to inbreeding depressionPollen mediated gene flow was assessed using four SSR markers. The majority (92%) of pollen mediated gene flow was revealed to be limited within the local population. Although beech shows self incompatibility and has some loci related to inbreeding depression and the week spatial genetic structure was formed within the local population, correlation between relatedness and pollen parent-contribution was very week. Since distances between the parents, as well as the size of pollen parents affected on the paternal contribution, pollen productivity might be important factor for acorn productivity.