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Studies on Effective Desalinization Methods from Soils

土壤有效脱盐方法研究

基本信息

批准号：
15380165
负责人：
AKAE Takeo
金额：
$ 5.06万
依托单位：
Okayama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15380165/
关键词：
desalinization soil amendment leaching slaking dissolution gypsum 乾燥干拓地粘土脱水ケーキ溶出表面荷電

项目摘要

In this study, we made two strategies for improving desalinization of saline soils. The one is applying soil drying before leaching and the another is mixing soil amendments for stabilizing percolating pores. The two strategies were examined on saline soils, the bottom mud of Kojima lake, Isahaya polder soil and soil of Hetao Irrigation District, Inner Mongolia.Mechanism of promotion of salt dissolution by soil drying was studied with special attention to air slaking of the soil matrix. Salt dissolution was promoted not only by salt accumulation to the surface of soil matrix but also by increasing salt diffusion coefficient through stabilized soil structure due to the soil drying. The experimental results showed the maximum salt dissolution at the water content of the maximum air slaking. Soil drying to the water content of the maximum air occurred slaking was found to be the most effective.It is known that the percolation pores are logged and leaching efficiency decreases in course of leaching. Soil amendments were added to improve hydraulic conductivity by stabilizing percolating pores. Among the soil amendments tested, the organic compost and the crashed charcoal were found most effective. The effectiveness was small on the Isahaya soil than the Hetao soil, because of swelling and dispersive properties of the Isahaya soil. Gypsum showed remarkable effect both on maintaining hydraulic conductivity and on extrusion of sodium.Soil drying practice, in particular, full upside down plowing was found to be very effective on desalinization and soil maturing of the Isahaya polder through successive yearly field research. Surface soil extrusion method, sand drain method and gypsum application method are tested and their effectiveness was evaluated by field test in Hetao Irrigation District.

在这项研究中，我们制定了两种改善盐渍土脱盐的策略。一种是在浸出前进行土壤干燥，另一种是混合土壤改良剂以稳定渗透孔隙。分别以盐渍土、儿岛湖底泥、谏早圩土和内蒙古河套灌区土壤为试验对象，对这两种策略进行了检验。研究了土壤干燥促进盐分溶解的机理，特别关注土壤基质的空气熟化。盐的溶解不仅通过盐积累到土壤基质表面来促进，而且还通过由于土壤干燥而稳定的土壤结构增加盐扩散系数来促进。实验结果表明，在最大空气熟化含水量时，盐溶解量最大。土壤干燥至最大空气含水量发生熟化是最有效的。众所周知，淋滤过程中渗滤孔被堵塞，淋滤效率降低。添加土壤改良剂通过稳定渗透孔隙来提高导水率。在测试的土壤改良剂中，有机堆肥和碎木炭被发现最有效。由于谏早土的膨胀和分散特性，谏早土的有效性比河套土小。石膏在保持水力传导性和钠排出方面均表现出显着效果。通过连续的年度实地研究，发现土壤干燥实践，特别是完全倒翻犁对于谏早圩田的脱盐和土壤成熟非常有效。通过河套灌区现场试验，对表土挤压法、排沙法、石膏施施法进行了试验，评价其效果。