Diversified Research on the Demise of the Ancient Egyptian Regime-Advances to Downfall and Crisis Issues-

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The purpose of this research is to investigate actual conditions that the demise of the ancient Egyptian regime led on to, and to elucidate the meaning of its 'downfall'. A local city, Akoris far remote from the political centers of Upper and Lower Egypt, was purposely chosen as the target of our investigation so as to grasp the common, political movements from the Third Intermediate Period to the Ptolemaic Period.A settlement area, a graveyard and two nearly quarries have been investigated and five sub-areas, that is, city formation, manufacturing, trade, funeral practices and beliefs, have been taken up for discussion. As a consequence of such diversified research, the following facts are testified. The city formation, the manufacturing and the trade became vigorous, the grave-making increased and instead of Amon-Ra which had been the main god for the New Kingdom the beliefs in local animal gods prevailed. These movements which clearly appeared in the Third Intermediate Period are attributed to the rise of middle class citizens and their wealth.The conclusion which was reached through our investigations in Akoris can be extended to other contemporary cities such as the description of "Historia" suggests. This Egyptian decline model is notable in that it is different from the cases of the Roman and' Han Empires, both of which caused a social crisis.