Researches into the Origin of the Mounted Nomads in the Eastern Eurasian Steppes

我们在位于蒙古中西部北部的乌兰乌什格I(Uushigiin Uvor)遗址发掘了Kereksurs 1号和12号。在地面每个克雷克苏尔的石堆中发现了石棺，从克雷克苏尔12号的棺材中挖掘出一具儿童的骨头。很明显，这些古墓是作为坟墓建造的，尽管我们需要一些解释，为什么一些古墓不包含人类的骨头。堆积的石头的情况让我们相信，这些石头是在中央的棺材周围附着石头形成的。在克勒克苏尔一号石丘的边缘发现了一块不同于遗址南部的简单类型的鹿石。在克列克苏尔一号石丘以东主要排列的石堆中，我们发现了马头骨和颈骨，口吻朝东。在…鹿石周围的石圈中发现了相同的骨骼组合更多的是该地点的南部。新发现的这样的例子让我们更加相信，这些石板和鹿石是同一时期的同一人制作的。通过对石堆横截面的观察，推测石堆的建造方式如下：1.将马头放在地上或地面的浅坑中；2.将小石头放在马头上；3.将大石头放在小石头上；4.在圆圈内堆砌石块。这种施工过程类似于石圈的过程。克雷克苏尔1号石丘以东的触角状突起被证明与石丘在同一水平，施工后附着在上面，尽管尚不清楚它们是否属于同一时期。在触角状突起的中央发现了一堆旧突厥语时期的石堆，从中出土了一口锅、一块陶片、一块铁板和一颗珠子。我们挖掘了一座石板墓，发现了一具50岁出头、带鹿角弓附件的人的骨架。较少

We excavated Khereksurs Nos.1 and 12 at Ulaan Uushig I (Uushigiin uvor) site, which is situated in the northern part of mid-Western Mongolia. Stone coffin was found in the stone mound of each khereksur at the ground level and bones of a child were excavated from the coffin of Khereksur No.12. It became evident that the khereksurs were constructed as tombs although we need some explanation why some khereksurs do not contain human bones. The condition of the accumulated stones made us believe that the khereksurs were formed by attaching stones around the coffin in the center. At the edge of the stone mound of Khereksur No.1 was found a stag stone of the simple type, different from those in the southern part of the site.In the stone heaps arranged mainly to the east of the stone mound of Khereksur No.1,we found horse head bones together with neck bones, the muzzles being oriented to the east. The same combination of the bones has been found from the stone circles around the stag stones of … More the southern part of the site. Newly found such examples made us more confident that those khereksurs and stag stones were made by the same people in the same period. By the observation of the cross-section of the stone heaps the stone heaps were surmised to be constructed as below.1.place the horse head on the ground or in the shallow hollow in the ground 2.put small stones over the horse head 3.stand large stones in a circle on the small stones 4.stack stones within the circleThis construction process resembles to the process of the stone circles.The antennae-like protrusion to the east of the stone mound of Khereksur No.1 was proved to be on the same level as the stone mound, being attached to it after its construction, although it is not yet clear if they belonged to the same period. At the center of the antennae-like protrusion was found a stone heap of the Old Turkic period, from which were unearthed a pot, a potsherd, iron plates and a bead.We excavated a slab grave to find a human skeleton of a man of early fifties of age, with antler bow attachments. Less