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Sustainability of environmental use in rural China: Application of ethno-science in practice

中国农村环境利用的可持续性：民族科学在实践中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
15401037
负责人：
SHINOHARA Toru
金额：
$ 8.32万
依托单位：
National Museum of Japanese History
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The present research project aimed at clarifying the characteristics of environment use in rural China. The theory of ethno-science was utilized for the investigation of ecological and social sustainability. The target areas were located in Jinpin in Yunnan Province and Wuzhishan-city in Hainan Province, China.In Yunnan, the surveys were conducted in the hamlets of five ethnic groups (Hani, Aru, Yao, Thai, and Kuzhon). Quickbird satellite images were used for making land use maps in each hamlet. Land use boundary and the crops grown in each garden, the stage of succession of secondary growth were recorded in the field and entered on ArcGIS software. Finally, the area for each land use type was calculated by the algorisms in ArcGIS. The recent government policy has forced the people to transform their subsistence from slush-and-burn cultivation to cash-crops cultivations, but the progress Kvaried by ethnic groups. Such transformation in subsistence accompanied the changes in lifestyle, … More which enlarged the inter-ethnic inequality in economic status. The development of regular markets along the major traffic road in the region contributed to level the economic inequality through the exchanges of crops grown by each ethnic group.In Hainan, following the economic development policy of China since the 1980s, the indigenous food production systems of communities have also been transformed to a market economy. The introduction of cash crops has been the major developmental policy of China's rural areas. Despite the overall improvement of economic status among farmers over the last two decades, inequality among households has emerged as a new problem. In the present study project, we investigated the process of how cash crops were accepted in a Li hamlet, and how this has influenced the labor and dietary patterns of people. In examining this process, we focussed on inter-household differences. We also reconstructed the demographic changes and land use patterns of all the households of the hamlet for the period between 1985 and 2004. Reconstruction of the adoption process revealed two important factors that might contribute to current variation among households: (1) the success of pioneering households, which played an important role in triggering the hamlet-level adoption of cash crops, and (2) the availability of labor resources during 1995-2004, which explains the inter-household variation observed in 2004. The households that succeeded in cash cropping appeared to be able to afford further investment in cash cropping, which may have further enlarged inter-household variation. Inter-household variation in cash cropping in 2004partly explains inter-household variation in food consumption and labor hours. The intensification and maintenance of rice cultivation may alleviate the nutritional (initial phase) and work burden posed by the adoption of cash cropping. Less

本研究旨在阐明中国农村环境利用的特点。民族科学的理论被用来调查生态和社会的可持续性。调查对象为云南省金平市和海南省五指山市，调查对象为云南省的哈尼、阿鲁、瑶族、泰族和库宗五个民族的村落。Quickbird卫星图像被用于绘制每个哈姆雷特的土地使用图。在田间记录土地利用边界和每个花园种植的作物、次生生长演替阶段，并输入ArcGIS软件。最后，利用ArcGIS中的算法计算出各土地利用类型的面积。政府最近的政策迫使人民从烧泥耕作转变为种植经济作物，但各民族的进展情况各不相同。这种生存方式的转变伴随着生活方式的变化， ...更多信息这扩大了种族间经济地位的不平等。该地区主要交通道路沿着定期市场的发展，通过各民族种植的作物的交换，有助于消除经济不平等，在海南，随着中国自1980年代以来的经济发展政策，各社区的土著粮食生产系统也向市场经济转变。经济作物的引进一直是中国农村发展的主要政策。尽管过去二十年来农民的经济地位总体上有所改善，但家庭之间的不平等已成为一个新问题。本研究以一个黎族哈姆雷特为研究对象，考察了经济作物在黎族村落中被接受的过程，以及经济作物对黎族劳动和饮食的影响。在研究这一过程时，我们重点关注家庭间的差异。我们还重建了1985年至2004年期间哈姆雷特所有家庭的人口变化和土地使用模式。通过对采用过程的重构，揭示了两个可能导致当前农户间差异的重要因素：（1）开拓性农户的成功，这在村庄一级采用经济作物方面发挥了重要作用;（2）1995-2004年期间劳动力资源的可用性，这解释了2004年观察到的农户间差异。经济作物种植成功的家庭似乎有能力对经济作物进行进一步投资，这可能进一步扩大了家庭间的差异。2004年经济作物的家庭间差异部分解释了食物消费和劳动时间的家庭间差异。强化和维持水稻种植可减轻采用经济作物所造成的营养负担（初期）和劳动负担。少