Comparative study on dietary intake of children by food duplicate method in special reference to trace elements in Asian countries

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Comparative study on the dietary intake of children in Asian countries of Japan, China and Korea were carried at the kindergartens by the food duplicate method from 2003 to 2005 in special reference to trace element of cadmium and lead, representatively as well known environmental pollutants.The 24-hr food duplicate samples were collected from 296 children aged 4 to 6 years of both of boy and girl belonging to 15 kindergartens in Miyagi prefecture in Japan, 359 children of 11 kindergartens in China and 113 children of 4 kindergartens in Korea. In addition to the food duplicate samples, the spot urine and the hair samples were collected from the children in China and Korea in order to make analysis of trace elements. The anthropometric examinations of height and body weight and the questionnaire study on the life style and food habits were worked for all of the children.Nutritional analysis of the duplicate food samples were conducted utilizing the national standard food composition tables for each other. The samples were digested by heating in the presence of mineralacids, and the digests were subjected to analysis for the minerals and trace elements.The measurements of dietary of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, and the trace elements of iron, zinc, copper, manganese, cadmium, lead and et al. were followed by atomicabsorption and emission spectrometer, and ICP-MS.