Discovery and molecular characterization of novel Loci/genes controlling salinity tolerance at seedling, vegetative and reproductive stages in two highly diverse barley collections.

在两个高度多样化的大麦品种中控制幼苗、营养和繁殖阶段耐盐性的新基因座/基因的发现和分子表征。

• 批准号: 534096923
• 负责人: Dr. Helmy Youssef, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur für Pflanzenzüchtung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/534096923?language=en
• 关键词: Discovery; molecular; characterization; novel; Loci

High salt concentration in soil will inevitably cause severe root water shortage in plants. In the light of climate change, this is considered a major threat to agricultural production worldwide. Climate models predict a 25% increase in pressure on agricultural production due to salinity by 2050. This makes understanding and utilizing how plants tolerate high salt concentrations a major scientific challenge. Improving salinity tolerance is complex, since it is regulated as a quantitative trait that involves multiple genetic pathways simultaneously. The apparent effect of salinity stress on plant growth and production is by causing problems for plant roots to absorb water by reducing osmotic stress in root cells and ion toxicity (e.g., Na+). Currently, we have a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of salinity on the regulation of primary metabolism and the molecular basis on which genes contribute to salinity tolerance in crops. In the present research proposal I aim to discover and explain novel genetic and molecular pathways of the regulation of salt tolerance-related traits at seedling, vegetative and reproductive stages in two highly diverse barley collections. My hypothesis is that identifying new loci and genes that play an important role in barley adaptation to salinity stress will greatly support breeding programs coping with climate change and the sustainable production of barley and other crops such as wheat. To achieve my research goal, I will focus on characterizing the highly diverse worldwide barley collections HEB-25 and the Intermedium-spike barley collection in order to study traits related to plant yield under salinity stress. The next step will be to introduce the sequence of the beneficial alleles from wild relatives into elite barley using genome editing. This second approach would be to pass on any issues with the candidate gene being essential for floral development and a complete knockout being lethal. I will carry out this research work at the well-developed and established Chair of Plant Breeding, Halle University (MLU), which offers a unique starting site for a salinity stress research network, in collaboration with leading plant scientists from MLU’s Natural Faculty III and from the Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben.

土壤含盐量高，必然造成植物根系严重缺水。鉴于气候变化，这被认为是对全球农业生产的主要威胁。气候模型预测，到2050年，盐碱化对农业生产的压力将增加25%。这使得理解和利用植物如何耐受高盐浓度成为一项重大的科学挑战。提高耐盐性是复杂的，因为它是一种数量性状，同时涉及多个遗传途径。盐度胁迫对植物生长和生产的明显影响是通过减少根细胞的渗透胁迫和离子毒性（如Na+）而引起植物根系吸收水分的问题。目前，我们对盐度对作物初级代谢调控的影响以及基因对作物耐盐性的分子基础缺乏了解。在目前的研究计划中，我的目标是发现和解释在两个高度多样化的大麦品种的幼苗、营养和生殖阶段的耐盐性相关性状调控的新的遗传和分子途径。我的假设是，发现在大麦适应盐度胁迫中起重要作用的新位点和基因，将极大地支持应对气候变化的育种计划，以及大麦和小麦等其他作物的可持续生产。为了实现我的研究目标，我将重点研究高度多样化的世界大麦品种HEB-25和中穗大麦品种，以研究盐胁迫下植物产量的相关性状。下一步将是利用基因组编辑技术将来自野生近缘种的有益等位基因序列引入优质大麦。第二种方法是将候选基因传递下去，因为候选基因对花的发育至关重要，而完全敲除是致命的。我将在哈雷大学（MLU）的植物育种主席处开展这项研究工作，这为盐胁迫研究网络提供了一个独特的起点，与来自MLU自然学院III和来自加特勒本莱布尼茨植物遗传学和作物植物研究所（IPK）的领先植物科学家合作。