Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Strategy Based on Seismic Simulation of Mega-City

在1995年的神户地震中，超过11万所房屋被毁，超过6400人死亡。大多数人死于现有的低矮抗震房屋的倒塌。然而，有证据表明，存在如此多的预规范房屋，公众对地震期间潜在损失的认识很低。更好地了解建筑物的抗震性能是必不可少的。其中一个解决方案是通过让公众知道他们的城镇在地震中是如何摇晃的，以及他们的房子发生了什么，来鼓励他们加强自己房屋的意识。在本研究中，我们提出了基于地震时结构地震模拟的地震减灾策略。由于城市建筑总量巨大，通常采用统计方法。因此，获得的估计结果是平均的，可能不足以说服公众。本研究利用三维GIS数据，提供了一种构建大量建筑结构模型的方法，为建筑结构的地震分析提供了可能。也可以模拟紧急情况下的疏散行为。为了减少地震造成的人员伤亡，了解结构倒塌的过程和居住者的受伤情况是非常重要的。采用离散元法对地震作用下木结构房屋倒塌的三维行为进行了分析（图3）。产出可作为风险沟通的有用工具。这些内容向公众开放，并可透过网站下载

In the 1995 Kobe Earthquake, over 110 thousand houses were destroyed and more than 6,400 people died. Most of the people were killed by the collapse of existing low earthquake-resistant houses. However, evidences show that so many pre-code houses exist and the public awareness of potential losses during earthquakes is low. Better understanding on seismic behavior of the building is indispensable. One of the solutions is to encourage public awareness for strengthening of their own houses by letting them know how their town shakes during an earthquake and what happens in his/her house.In this research, we proposed the earthquake disaster mitigation strategy based on the seismic simulation of structures during an earthquake.As the amount of total buildings in a city is huge, statistic approaches are commonly employed. Therefore, results of estimation obtained are in average and might not be sufficient in convincing the public. On utilizing 3D GIS data, this study provides a method of constructing structural models of large amount of buildings, which enables seismic analysis of building structures. Evacuation behavior under emergency situation also can be simulated.To reduce the casualty due to earthquakes, it is very important to know the process structures collapse and how the occupants get injured. Three dimensional behavior of the collapse of timber frame houses under seismic motion were analyzed by using Distinct Element Method (Fig. 3). Outputs can be used as a useful tool of risk communication. These contents are open to the public and can be downloaded through web-site