Conservation Biology of Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense an Endangered Japanese Lady's Slipper

在日本北海道热本岛对濒危兰花cypedium macranthos vars . rebunense进行了为期4年的保护生物学研究。金莲花的花型特征。描述了适应大黄蜂授粉的适应性，例如唇瓣大小的时间变化。豌豆科豆科植物（包括豇豆）的花是假黄芩重要的花粉和花蜜来源；兰花的传粉者2. 描述了兰花自然生境中常见的生物和非生物条件。对塞浦路斯属的日本和俄罗斯分类群进行了分类研究。3. 不同地方居群间的遗传多样性差异不显著。提出了C calceolus的渐渗杂交风险。4. 建立了两种有效的繁殖方法，一种是由成熟种子衍生的原球茎样体繁殖，另一种是由共生真菌与共生种子发芽繁殖。成功地从大蓟幼苗和成株中分离出了抗真菌化合物。为了保证兰科植物种群的恢复，建立了兰科植物共生真菌在自然生境中的分布和密度估算方法，结果表明，兰科植物共生真菌在自然生境中的分布非常分散，但分布范围很广。兰花和原球茎根部共生真菌似乎是兰花属的两个新种。

A 4-year study on the conservation biology of an endangered orchid, Cypripedium macranthos var. rebunense, was carried out in Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan. 1. Floral features of C. macranthosvar. rebunense for adaptation to bumblebee pollination were described, e. g. the temporal change of the labellum in size. We also clarified that flowers of the pea family Leguminosae including Vicia japonica are important pollen and nectar sources for Bombus pseudobaicalensis; a pollinator of the orchid. 2. Biotic and abiotic conditions common to natural habitats of the orchid were described. Taxonomic studies of the Japanese and Russian taxa of the genus Cypripedium were carried out. 3. Among local populations of C macranthos var. revbunense, no significant difference in genetic diversity was found. Risk on introgressive hybridization by C calceolus was suggested. 4. Two kinds of efficient propagation methods, one being from protocorm-like bodies derived form mature seeds and the other from symbiotic seed germination with a symbiotic fungus were established. Antifungal compounds were successfully isolated from seedling and adult plants of C macranthos var. rebunense. To ensure restoration of C macranthos var. revbunense populations, a method for estimating the distribution and density of the symbiotic fungi in natural habitats of the orchid was developed and we found that the distribution of the fungi was very patchy but wide throughout the habitat. Symbiotic fungi from roots of the orchid and protocorms seemed to be two new species of the genus Epulorhiza.