Ecological surveys and establishment of propagation techniques of Cypripedium plants in Japan, North America and Western Europe.

本研究对生长在北美、西欧、俄罗斯远东和日本的塞浦路斯属植物进行了比较生态学调查；对这些植物进行了DNA比较分析，了解它们的系统发育关系，并调查了国外离体繁殖技术的现状。我们还进行了体外萌发试验(4)。在过去的三年中，我们调查的地区是加拿大的落基山脉（2次），爱德华王子岛和哈利法克斯（1次），美国俄勒冈州和五湖区附近（7次），瑞士和英国（2次）和纳德卡（1次）。在这些调查中收集的叶片样本进行了叶绿体DNA分析。结果表明，calceolus的进化地质路线可能是从远东经日本到北美。一个有趣的发现是，根据目前的DNA分析，在北海道热本岛和北海发现的calceolus属这一类群。他们与欧洲和中国的人明显不同，这表明在热汶岛和北上发现的人不是来自其他国家的居民。一般来说，塞浦路斯的体外繁殖技术在北美可能是最先进的。同时，我们还成功地实现了大石斛（c.m anranthos L.var.rebunenese）和石斛（c.c calceolus）的种子萌发和幼苗形成。然而，它将需要相当长的时间来诱导开花。

In this study, we have made(1)comparative ecological surveys of Cypripedium plants growing in North America, Western European, Fareast Russia and Japan, (2) comparative DNA analysis on these plants to understand their phylogetetic relationships and surveys of current situations of in vitro propagation techniques developed in foreign countries. We have also tried in vitro germination of C.macranthos L.cv.rebunenese(4).The area where we made surveys in the past three years are Canadian Rocky Mountains(2 times), Prince Edward Island and halifax(once), the vicinities of Oregon and the Five Lakes District in USA(7 times), Switzerland and England(2 times)and Nadhodka(once). Leaf samples collected in these surveys were subjected to chloroplast DNA analysis. The results suggest that the geological rout of evolution of C.calceolus is likely from Fareast to North America via Japan. An interesting finding is that C.calceolus plants found in Rebun Island and Kitamai, Hokkaido belongs to the group on the basis the present DNA analysis. They are clearly different from those in Europe and China, suggesting that those found in Rebun Island and kitami are not denizens from other countries. In vitro propagation techniques of Cypripedium in general are probably most advanced in North America. We also have succeeded in seed germination and seedling formation of C.macranthos L.var.rebunenese and C.calceolus. However, it will take a considerably long time to induce flowering.