Ecological surveys and establishment of propagation techniques of Cypripedium plants in Japan, North America and Western Europe.

在本研究中，我们对北美、西欧、远东俄罗斯和日本生长的塞浦路斯植物进行了比较生态调查，(2)对这些植物进行了比较DNA分析，以了解它们的系统发育关系，并调查了国外发展的试管繁殖技术的现状。在过去的三年中，我们对加拿大落基山脉(2次)、爱德华王子岛和哈利法克斯(1次)、美国俄勒冈州附近和五湖地区(7次)、瑞士和英国(2次)和纳多德卡(1次)进行了调查。在这些调查中收集的叶片样本进行了叶绿体DNA分析。这些结果表明，石斑鱼进化的地质路线可能是从远东经日本到达北美。一个有趣的发现是，根据目前的DNA分析，在北海道的雷本岛和北海道发现的Calceolus植物属于这一组。他们与欧洲和中国的发现明显不同，这表明在雷本岛和北上岛发现的那些人不是来自其他国家的居民。塞浦路斯的试管繁殖技术总体上可能是北美最先进的。我们还成功地进行了大扁豆和白蜡梅的种子萌发和成苗试验。然而，诱导开花需要相当长的时间。

In this study, we have made(1)comparative ecological surveys of Cypripedium plants growing in North America, Western European, Fareast Russia and Japan, (2) comparative DNA analysis on these plants to understand their phylogetetic relationships and surveys of current situations of in vitro propagation techniques developed in foreign countries. We have also tried in vitro germination of C.macranthos L.cv.rebunenese(4).The area where we made surveys in the past three years are Canadian Rocky Mountains(2 times), Prince Edward Island and halifax(once), the vicinities of Oregon and the Five Lakes District in USA(7 times), Switzerland and England(2 times)and Nadhodka(once). Leaf samples collected in these surveys were subjected to chloroplast DNA analysis. The results suggest that the geological rout of evolution of C.calceolus is likely from Fareast to North America via Japan. An interesting finding is that C.calceolus plants found in Rebun Island and Kitamai, Hokkaido belongs to the group on the basis the present DNA analysis. They are clearly different from those in Europe and China, suggesting that those found in Rebun Island and kitami are not denizens from other countries. In vitro propagation techniques of Cypripedium in general are probably most advanced in North America. We also have succeeded in seed germination and seedling formation of C.macranthos L.var.rebunenese and C.calceolus. However, it will take a considerably long time to induce flowering.