History of clinical psychology

这个项目的目的是重建世界各地的临床心理学的历史。临床心理学的主要研究领域是英国、法国、德国、美国和日本。临床心理学通常被认为有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到世纪后期P.Pinel对精神病院中的精神病患者的“锁链解放”。另一方面，心理学史似乎被认为始于19世纪后期，即W.冯特对现代心理学体系的建立。由于临床心理学的起点与心理学的起点存在差异，史学家应通过“心理学史”的理论化来填补这一差距。在心理学史的背景下，E.伯林的史学产生了很大的影响。他的病史被评价为缺乏心理学的临床部分。因此，整合实验心理学和医学心理学的历史，对于构建临床心理学的新框架是一个非常重要的问题。经过四年的讨论，我们提出临床心理学历史的起点是1896年。1896年，美国心理学家L.维特默曾在W.冯特在宾夕法尼亚大学建立了世界上第一个心理诊所。德国精神病学家E.克雷佩林也在W。冯特于1895年创办了一本新杂志《心理学著作》，但这本杂志对心理学的影响有限，10年后就停刊了。

The purpose of this project was to reconstruct the history of clinical psychology around the world. Main research fields are UK, France, Germany, US and Japan.Clinical psychology is usually said that it has a long history extending back to the dawn of P. Pinel's “chain liberation" of the insane in asylum in the late 18c century. On the other hand, history of psychology seems to be regarded as starting late 19 century, that is, W. Wundt's foundation of modern psychology system. Because there is a discrepancy between the start point of clinical psychology and one of psychology, historian should fill in the gap by theorizing “the history of psychology". In the context of the history of psychology, E. Boring's historiography has had a strong influence. His history is evaluated as its lacking the clinical part of psychology. So, for constructing the new scheme of the clinical psychology, integrating the history of experimental psychology and medical psychology is very important issue.After four-year discussing, our project proposes that beginning of a historic year of clinical psychology is 1896. In 1896, an American psychologist L. Witmer, who studied psychology under W. Wundt, established the world's first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania. Though a German psychiatrist, E. Kraepelin who also studied psychology under W. Wundt, launched a new journal “Psychologische Arbeiten (Psychological works in English)" in 1895, the influence of this journal to psychology was limited and ended in 10 years.