Research of the estimate of the slope failure of rainfall in the damaged ground by the Tokachi and Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquakes by using ground penetrating radar and field emission type electron microscope

1995年兵库县南部地震和十胜地震对丘陵地区造成了严重破坏。在丘陵地边缘观察到严重受损的土地。现代建筑受损严重的原因是软土地基和垃圾填埋场。我们应用探地雷达（GPR）方法来检测地震中的滑坡。使用带有 100MHz 天线的 SIR-3000 (GSSI) 对受损区域沿线的许多探地雷达线进行了检查。在探地雷达剖面以及张拉裂缝的地表上发现了地下​​滑坡结构。探地雷达剖面上的结构倾角不是平缓的角度。微弱的反射图像显示出含水的松软地面。该弱图像位于山体滑坡区域。因此，探地雷达方法对于受损地面的分析是有用的。六甲山陡坡广泛分布。这些陡峭的斜坡由深层风化花岗岩组成。通过 X 射线衍射鉴定了陡坡中的蚀变矿物，以估计风化产物。还利用 EDXRF 分析了深层斜坡中许多岩石的化学成分，以检查风化程度。在崩塌的陡坡上，易淋出清澈的水。浸出趋势与风化程度一致。通过化学成分的检查可以定量地显示陡坡的风化进程。通过使用 X 射线衍射，许多斜坡破坏已风化了高岭石等矿物。从这些结果来看，似乎是因为大雨而导致了塌方。

The 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu and Tokachi Earthquakes had caused serious damages on the hilly land. Serious damaged grounds were observed on the margin of the hilly lands. The reason for this serious damaged modern buildings is soft ground and landfill area. We applied the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method for the landslide in the earthquake. Many ground penetrating radar lines along the damaged area were examined by using the SIR-3000 (GSSI) with 100MHz antenna. The landslide structures under the ground were found on the GPR profiles as well as ground surface of the tension cracks. The dip of the structures on the GPR profiles is not gentle angle. The weakly reflected images show the water-bearing soft ground. This weakly image is located in the landslide area. Thus, ground penetrating radar method is useful for the damaged ground analyses.The steep slopes are widely distributed in Mount Rokko. These steep slopes were composed of deep weathered granitic rocks. Altered minerals in the steep slopes were identified by X-ray diffraction to estimate of weathering products. Chemical composition of the many rocks in the deep slopes was also analyzed by using EDXRF to check the grade of weathering. In the collapre steep slopes, readily leachable is clear. The leaching tendency coincides with the grade of the weathering. It is possible that the examination by the chemical composition quantitatively shows the progresses of the weathering of the steep slopes. Many slope failures have weathered minerals such as kaolinite by using X-ray diffraction. From these results, it seems to generate a collapse by the heavy rainfa