Secular changes of the native Japanese dog and its relation to the Japanese origin

Shigehara建立了一个研究数据库，其中包括古代日本狗和最近的狗品种的数字图像和骨骼测量。古狗标本的主要部分保存在东京大学的大学博物馆，标本由Kotondo Hasebe博士收集。我们正在检查一个试用版本，以便在一个研究网站上打开数据库。样本还包括来自日本各地考古遗址的古代狗材料。从考古日本狗材料、最近的日本犬种和考古中国狗材料中提取的DNA由石黑一郎进行分析。这项遗传分析旨在解决日本狗之间的系统发育关系。根据石黑一郎的遗传分类，中国犬属于M2O型和M2型。M2代表了古代日本犬的基本遗传状态，M2 O型代表了弥生时期及以后引进的日本犬所具有的遗传条件。The…更多的结果表明，传统的日本狗起源于考古时代的中国。这些对考古犬的分析将影响关于日本人基本种群迁移的假说。利用非参数方法，Komiya和Egi比较了不同种群和品种的狗的颅骨解剖特征的出现频率。本次分析的样本主要包括小宫在之前的项目中收集的日本和中国狗，以及小宫在瑞士伯尔尼自然历史博物馆收集的欧洲品种和野狼的数据。此外，还对不同犬种间的前额叶及邻近区域的形态差异进行了评价。对犬种间相对距离的分析结果表明，日本家犬品种大致可分为两类，所有古代和现代日本犬种都聚在一类内，表明日本犬种在世界家犬亲缘关系中具有较近的亲缘关系。较少

A research database of digital images and skeletal measurements of ancient Japanese dogs and recent dog breeds was constructed by Shigehara. The main part of the ancient dog sample is stored in The University Museum, The Tokyo University, of which specimens were collected by Dr.Kotondo Hasebe. We are in the process of checking a trial version to open the database in a research web site. Ancient dog materials from archaeological sites allover Japan were additionally included to the sample.DNA taken from archaeological Japanese dog materials, Recent Japanese dog breeds, and archaeological Chinese dog materials were analyzed by Ishiguro. This genetic analysis aimed to solve phylogenetic relationships among Japanese dogs. The Chinese dogs fell in M2 O type and M2 type of the genetic classification by Ishiguro. The M2 type represents the basal genetic condition for the ancient Japanese dogs, while the M2 O type is possessed by Japanese dogs introduced in Yayoi period and the later dogs. The … More se results indicated that the traditional Japanese dogs originated in China in archeologically old ages. These inferences from the analysis of archaeological dogs will affect hypotheses on the migration of the basal population of Japanese people.Appearance frequencies of cranial anatomical features among various dog populations and breeds were compared by Komiya and Egi using a non-parametric method. The main part of sample for this analysis consisted of Japanese and Chinese dogs that were collected by Komiya during previous projects, and data of European breeds and wild wolf were additionally collected by Komiya at Natural History Museum in Berne, Swiss. Additionally, morphological variation in the presphenoid and adjacent areas among dog breeds was evaluated. The results of these analyses of relative distances among dog populations indicated that domestic dog breeds can be divided roughly into two groups and that all of the ancient and modern Japanese dog populations make a cluster within one of the group, suggesting a close kinship among Japanese dog populations in relationships of domestic dogs in the world. Less