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Physiological and functional root traits that are related to drought tolerance and their genetic bases in crop plants

与作物耐旱性相关的根系生理和功能性状及其遗传基础

基本信息

批准号：
16380015
负责人：
YAMAUCHI Akira
金额：
$ 8.96万
依托单位：
Nagoya University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16380015/
关键词：
Chromosome segment substitution line drought osmotic adjustment Plasticity QTL Rice Root Root signal 過湿ストレスコムギ水ストレス細胞水透過性

项目摘要

Root signal productionA series of pot and field experiments showed that in rice plants, the decrease in stomatal conductance and the increase in ABA concentration in leaf and xylem exudates were detected earlier than apparently drop of leaf water potential under the conditions where a part of root system was exposed to drying conditions while the rest was accessible to water. Severing the roots in the drying soil resulted in recovery of the stomatal conductance as well as leaf water potential. These facts strongly suggest that ABA was produced in the roots in the dry soil and worked as root chemical signal, and regulated stomatal opening together with hydraulic signal that was also coming from the roots.Functional significance of root plasticity in drought adaptationFifty four Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines (CSSL) derived from Nipponbare and Kasalath created by the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences were used to examine developmental and physiological responses to drought stress, and we screened several lines that showed significant roles of plastic development of root system in plans' adaptation to the stress conditions. Those lines were backcrossed with Nipponbare to prepare materials for further genetic analysis and breeding. Further, several QTLs that are responsible for the lateral root plasticity were identified, and root osmotic adjustment as physiological basis for the plasticity was also studied. It was also found that there were NERICA (New Rice for Africa) lines in which such plastic root responses played key roles in the plants' growth under drought.Ability of oxygen transport in rootsBy using the CSSLs, we examined the rice plant adaptation to soil moisture fluctuations and screened several lines that showed adaptability through high ability in aerenchyma formation, oxygen transport to root tip, and plastic lateral root development under hydroponic, soil culture and field conditions.

根部信号的产生一系列盆栽和田间实验表明，在水稻植株中，当部分根系暴露于干燥条件而其余根系可接触到水的条件下，气孔导度的降低以及叶片和木质部分泌物中ABA浓度的增加早于叶片水势的明显下降。在干燥的土壤中切断根导致气孔导度以及叶水势的恢复。这些事实强烈表明ABA是在干燥土壤的根部产生的，并作为根部化学信号，与也来自根部的水力信号一起调节气孔开放。根部可塑性在干旱适应中的功能意义使用国立农业生物科学研究所创建的来自日本晴和卡萨拉特的54个染色体片段替换系（CSSL）来检查发育以及对干旱胁迫的生理反应，我们筛选了几个在植物适应胁迫条件中显示出根系可塑性发育的重要作用的品系。这些品系与日本晴进行回交，为进一步的遗传分析和育种准备材料。此外，还鉴定了几个负责侧根可塑性的QTL，并研究了作为可塑性生理基础的根渗透调节。研究还发现，在 NERICA（非洲新稻）品系中，这种塑性根响应对植物在干旱条件下的生长起到了关键作用。根部氧运输能力通过使用 CSSL，我们研究了水稻植株对土壤湿度波动的适应能力，并筛选了几个在水培、土培和田间条件下，通过通气组织形成、向根尖运输氧以及塑性侧根发育的能力表现出适应性的品系。状况。