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Evaluation of genetic resource for cultivar and genus differences in grain filling capacity under high temperature conditions in rice and wheat

水稻、小麦高温灌浆能力品种属差异遗传资源评价

基本信息

批准号：
16380017
负责人：
KOBATA Tohru
金额：
$ 8.64万
依托单位：
Shimane University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Objectives of the project were to clear responses of the grain filling to higher temperature and know mechanisms of the grain filling reduction, and evaluate the cultivar and genus differences to seek genetic resource for high temperature resistant cultivars in rice and wheat. Temperature and tropical zone rice cultivars were grown in paddy filed and suffered from two different higher temperatures than ambient condition in ventilated air plastic covered houses of different length. Fertility response to high temperature differed between cultivars but the relationship between temperature and grain filling rate of two cultivars was similar. Sowing time for spring wheat was changed from early to late times in the field of Perth, Australia and the plants suffered from different temperature during the grain filling period. Under higher temperature conditions grain filling period shortened and yield reduced. The grain number decreased after anthesis and thus the potential yield changed. However a response of the grain filling among different sowing plants was similar. When ear in rice and wheat was cultivated in solution culture system under different temperatures, the most highest rate of grain filling was around 30℃ in rice and 15℃ in wheat. Sucrose synthase activity decreased and ct-amylase activity increased with an increase of temperature in wheat and when assimilate supply during the grain filling period by thinning treatments increased some enzyme activity increased. Our results suggest that grain filling response to high temperature in rice and wheat is similar although temperature range for the optimum growth differed and assimilate supply affects grain filling activity. Cultivar difference in grain filling under higher temperature conditions seems to be small in rice and wheat. Further research should be continued to overcome the impact of high temperature on the grain filling under the future climate change.

本研究的目的是明确水稻和小麦籽粒灌浆对高温的反应，了解籽粒灌浆降低的机理，评价品种和属间的差异，为水稻和小麦耐高温品种寻找遗传资源。温度和热带水稻品种在稻田中种植，在不同长度的通风空气覆膜屋中遭受两种不同于环境条件的温度。不同品种对高温的育性反应不同，但温度与籽粒灌浆速率的关系相似。澳大利亚珀斯大田春小麦播期由早变晚，灌浆期植株受不同温度的影响。高温条件下，籽粒灌浆期缩短，产量下降。开花后籽粒数减少，潜在产量发生变化。但不同播种植物对籽粒灌浆的反应相似。在不同温度的溶液培养体系中，水稻和小麦的籽粒灌浆速率最高分别为30℃和15℃。小麦蔗糖合成酶活性随温度升高而降低，ct-淀粉酶活性随温度升高而升高，间伐处理在灌浆期同化物供应增加时，部分酶活性升高。我们的结果表明，水稻和小麦籽粒灌浆对高温的反应相似，但最适生长的温度范围不同，同化物供应影响籽粒灌浆活性。在高温条件下，水稻和小麦籽粒灌浆的品种差异较小。在未来气候变化条件下，高温对籽粒灌浆的影响有待进一步研究。