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A Community Resource for Wheat and Rice Transformation

小麦和水稻转化的社区资源

基本信息

批准号：
BB/R014876/1
负责人：
Emma Wallington
金额：
$ 134.43万
依托单位：
National Institute of Agricultural Botany
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR014876%2F1
关键词：
Community Resource Wheat Rice Transformation

项目摘要

Rice and wheat are two of the world's most important crops. In 2017, global wheat and rice production is forecast to reach 749 and 503 million tonnes respectively. Despite this, global food security analysts estimate that food production needs to double to feed 9.5 billion people by 2050. As our climate changes in the future we will need wheat and rice varieties which are better adapted to drought and reduced fertilizer inputs, and are resistant to new pests and diseases to maintain a sustainable supply of affordable, nutritious and safe food. Breeding these new climate-adapted varieties has to start now, based on genetic research which uses all the available tools to study gene function and regulation. Many technologies will contribute to tackling these targets and it is inevitable that genetic modification (GM) will make a contribution. This will either be directly, with the development and introduction of GM wheat varieties with new traits, or indirectly, as a research tool to better understand how trait genes function.GM crops have to date have largely been confined to traits giving resistance to herbicides or insects, but a new generation of traits which confer drought tolerance, disease resistance, yield improvements or health benefits are now being examined which will have an important role to play in achieving food security and future increases in production. Some of these genes come from other crop species and would be impossible to study in cereals without GM.The Community Resource in Wheat and Rice Transformation will make it easier and more cost effective for UK academic researchers to access our high throughput wheat and rice transformation systems. It will encourage plant scientists working in other species to evaluate their genes in these important crops, and provide valuable materials for further research. In addition, the funding will also allow the technology to advance, increasing both the genetic tools available for gene expression and the opportunities to fine tune or abolish the expression of targeted genes in wheat.

水稻和小麦是世界上最重要的两种作物。2017年，全球小麦和大米产量预计将分别达到7.49亿吨和5.03亿吨。尽管如此，全球粮食安全分析师估计，到2050年，粮食产量需要翻一番才能养活95亿人。随着未来气候的变化，我们将需要更好地适应干旱和减少化肥投入的小麦和水稻品种，并能抵抗新的害虫和疾病，以维持可持续的负担得起的，营养和安全的食品供应。培育这些适应气候的新品种必须从现在开始，以遗传研究为基础，利用所有可用的工具来研究基因功能和调控。许多技术将有助于实现这些目标，转基因技术将不可避免地做出贡献。转基因作物的研究将直接涉及开发和引进具有新性状的转基因小麦品种，或间接涉及作为一种研究工具，以更好地了解性状基因的功能。迄今为止，转基因作物主要局限于抗除草剂或抗昆虫的性状，但新一代的转基因作物具有耐旱、抗病、目前正在研究如何提高产量或改善健康，这将在实现粮食安全和今后提高产量方面发挥重要作用。其中一些基因来自其他作物物种，如果没有转基因，就不可能在谷物中进行研究。小麦和水稻转化社区资源将使英国学术研究人员更容易和更具成本效益地访问我们的高通量小麦和水稻转化系统。它将鼓励研究其他物种的植物科学家评估这些重要作物的基因，并为进一步研究提供有价值的材料。此外，这笔资金还将使该技术得以发展，增加基因表达的遗传工具，以及微调或消除小麦中靶基因表达的机会。