Involvement of the Wnt signaling-regulating factors APC and ICAT in cell differentiation and morphogenesis

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1. APC is required for the activity of AMPA receptors through facilitating the clustering of PSD-95 and these receptors at the post-synaptic spine.2. The APC localization in cultured neurons alters depending on their development and differentiation.3. Microtubule bundling-activity of APC is stimulated by its interaction with PSD-95.4. The kidneys and ureters of Dlghl-knockout mice were hypoplastic and the lower ends of the ureters were ectopic.5. The vagina and seminal vesicle were absent in the Dlghl-knockout mice. These phenotypes seem to be much alike to those in the human congenital disease Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome.6. ICAT-knockout mice showed multiple developmental defects. Most of the ICAT(-/-) embryos exhibited a truncation of the rostral head.7. Some of the ICAT(-/-) embryos lacked kidneys. The defect in kidney development was found to be caused by arrest of the ureteric bud-branching during nephrogenesis.