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Neural basis of higher visual cognition by using brain models

使用大脑模型进行更高视觉认知的神经基础

基本信息

批准号：
16390253
负责人：
TOBIMATSU Shozo
金额：
$ 5.38万
依托单位：
KYUSHU UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16390253/
关键词：
higher visual cognition brain virtual lesion low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation Alzheimer disease mild cognitive impairment visual event-related potentials magnetoencephalography functional MRI 低頻度反復磁気茂樹軽度認知障害

项目摘要

OBJECTIVES : We studied the neural basis of higher visual cognitions by using brain models. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was used to produce brain virtual lesion in healthy subjects while patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were considered as disease models. Subjects were instructed to perform cognitive tasks such as face recognition and coherent motion. Psychophysical and neurophysiological examinations (visual event-related potentials (ERPs), magnetoencehalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)) were evaluated while the subjects performed cognitive tasks.RESULTS : Several new findings were observed. First, we filtered out either low or high spatial frequency components of the original grayscale faces (broadband spatial frequency) so that coarse (low spatial frequency) and fine (high spatial frequency) faces were made. For motion perception, coherent horizontal and optic flow stimuli were … More employed. Second, aging has a distinct effect on the motion perception. Interestingly, both MCI and AD showed increased motion thresholds and MCI revealed decreased sensitivity for optic flow motion. Third, topographical mapping of ERPs to face and motion perception was recorded. In the face tasks, P1 at the occipital site showed holistic processing of faces. N170 at the temporooccipital site reflects facial identification. Late slow components (N250-400) show distinct sensitivities for facial expressions. The difference between positive and negative expressions was first discriminated, then discrimination of negative expressions was achieved. P200 is indicative of optic flow perception and was delayed or absent in patients with MCI. Currently, we are recording MEG and fMRI during face and motion perception to further investigate the neural mechanisms. Finally, low-frequency rTMS was applied over V1 and V5 in healthy subjects, which resulted in increased reaction times for motion perception and this effect lasted for 40 min. Therefore, rTMS is a promising method for exploring the neural network for higher visual cognition. Less

目标：我们利用大脑模型研究了高级视觉认知的神经基础。使用低频重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）在健康受试者中产生大脑虚拟损伤，同时将阿尔茨海默病（AD）和轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者作为疾病模型。受试者被指示执行认知任务，例如面部识别和连贯运动。当受试者执行认知任务时，对心理物理学和神经生理学检查（视觉事件相关电位（ERP）、脑磁图（MEG）和功能磁共振成像（fMRI））进行评估。结果：观察到了一些新发现。首先，我们过滤掉原始灰度面孔的低或高空间频率分量（宽带空间频率），以便制作粗糙（低空间频率）和精细（高空间频率）面孔。对于运动感知，采用了连贯的水平和光流刺激。其次，衰老对运动知觉有明显影响。有趣的是，MCI 和 AD 都显示出运动阈值增加，而 MCI 显示对光流运动的敏感性降低。第三，记录 ERP 到面部和运动感知的地形图。在面部任务中，枕骨部位的 P1 显示出面部的整体处理。颞枕部位的 N170 反映面部识别。晚期慢成分 (N250-400) 对面部表情表现出明显的敏感性。首先区分积极和消极表达的差异，然后实现消极表达的区分。 P200 指示视流感知，并且在 MCI 患者中延迟或缺失。目前，我们正在记录面部和运动感知过程中的脑磁图和功能磁共振成像，以进一步研究神经机制。最后，在健康受试者的 V1 和 V5 上应用低频 rTMS，导致运动感知的反应时间增加，并且这种效果持续 40 分钟。因此，rTMS 是探索神经网络以获得更高视觉认知的有前途的方法。较少的

项目成果

期刊论文数量（67）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation alters optic flow perception.

重复经颅磁刺激改变光流感知。

DOI：
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
Neuroreport (In press)
影响因子：
0
作者：
Taniwaki T;Okayama A;Yoshiura T;Togao O;Nakamura Y;Yamasaki T;Ogata K;Shigeto H;Ohyagi Y;Kira J;Tobimatsu S;Tashiro K et al.
通讯作者：
Tashiro K et al.

顏や表情認知の脳内情報処理

用于面部和面部表情识别的大脑信息处理