Determination of physiology and pathology of oligohydramnios and intrauterine fetal death by using animal model and human analysis

为了研究水通道蛋白8 （AQP-8：一种水通道蛋白）在胎膜中的表达与羊水过少的关系，我们用前列腺素F2 α受体（FP）缺乏的小鼠建立了羊水过少模型。方法：杀死妊娠期14 ~ 21天的fp缺陷小鼠，测定羊水体积（AFV），收集胎膜，分析水通道蛋白-8的表达。AFV在14 GD时最高，在20 GD和21 GD时，AFV与14 GD时的体积相比分别显著降低至28%和0%。免疫组织化学和免疫印迹分析显示，水通道蛋白-8在胎膜基础成分中有表达，且与14胎相比，20胎龄时水通道蛋白-8的表达水平显著降低至60%。我们发现，在fp缺陷小鼠的胎膜中AQP-8的表达在足月后下降。我们的研究结果表明，更多的膜可能参与了AFV的调节，特别是当羊水过少时。目的探讨羊膜中S100B蛋白的表达及对妊娠合并子痫前期羊水浓度的影响。研究人员从妊娠期间发生先兆子痫、先兆子痫合并宫内胎儿死亡（IUFD）、IUGR和妊娠期高血压的妇女以及足月分娩的健康对照妇女中获取样本。为了确定羊膜中S100B的表达差异，我们进行了免疫组织化学、western blot和RT-PCR分析。采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）测定羊水中S100B的浓度。子痫前期患者和伴有IUGR的子痫前期患者羊膜中S100B mRNA的表达均显著高于对照组。子痫前期和正常血压IUGR组羊水S100B蛋白浓度显著高于对照组。本研究表明羊膜可能是羊水中S100B浓度升高的一个原因。在子痫前期，氧化应激产生活性氧（ROS）。妊娠期间发生的一些与缺氧应激有关的病理情况可影响羊膜中S100B浓度的升高。少

To investigate the association between aquaporin-8 (AQP-8: a water channel protein) expression in fetal membranes and oligohydramnios during near-term and postdate pregnancy, we set up an oligohydramnios model using prostaglandin F2 alpha receptor (FP)-deficient mice. METHODS: Pregnant FP-deficient mice from 14 to 21 gestational days (GD) were killed to measure the amniotic fluid volume (AFV), and fetal membranes were collected for the analysis of aquaporin-8 expression. The AFV was highest at 14 GD, and was significantly decreased to 28% and 0% at 20 GD and 21 GD, respectively, compared with the volume at 14 GD. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis showed that aquaporin-8 was expressed in the basal component of fetal membranes, and that the protein level was significantly decreased to 60% at 20 GD compared with that at 14 GD. We demonstrated that AQP-8 expression in the fetal membrane was decreased at post term in FP-deficient mice. Our findings suggest that aquaporin-8 in fet … More al membranes may be involved in the regulation of AFV, especially when oligohydramnios occurs.To investigate the expression of S100B protein in the amnion and to assess the amniotic fluid concentration in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. Samples were obtained from women who developed pre-eclampsia, pre-eclampsia with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), normotensive IUGR and gestational hypertension during pregnancy and healthy controls who delivered at term. To determine the difference in the expression of S100B in the amnion, we performed immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we assessed the S100B concentration in amniotic fluid. The S100B mRNA expression in the amnion of pre-eclamptic patients and patients with pre-eclampsia with IUGR was significantly higher than that in the control. The amniotic fluid S100B protein concentration of the pre-eclampsia and normotensive IUGR cases was significantly higher than that of the control. This study shows that amnion could be a source responsible for the increased concentration of S100B in amniotic fluid. In pre-eclampsia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by oxidative stress. Some pathological conditions that develop during pregnancy and are related to hypoxic stress can affect the elevation of S100B concentration in the amnion. Less