Determination of physiology and pathology of oligohydramnios and intrauterine fetal death by using animal model and human analysis

为了研究水通道蛋白-8（AQP-8：一种水通道蛋白）在胎膜中的表达与近足月妊娠和过期妊娠期间羊水过少之间的关联，我们使用前列腺素F2 α受体（FP）缺陷小鼠建立了羊水过少模型。方法：妊娠14 ~ 21天的FP缺陷小鼠处死，测定羊水量，收集胎膜，分析水通道蛋白-8的表达。AFV在14 GD时最高，与14 GD时的体积相比，在20 GD和21 GD时分别显著降低至28%和0%。免疫组化和免疫印迹分析显示，水通道蛋白-8表达于胎膜基底层，20 GD时的蛋白水平较14 GD时显著下降至60%。我们证明，在FP缺陷小鼠中，AQP-8在胎膜中的表达在足月后降低。我们的研究结果表明fet中的水通道蛋白8 ...更多信息 目的探讨S100 B蛋白在子痫前期患者羊膜中的表达及对羊水浓度的影响。样本取自妊娠期间患有先兆子痫、先兆子痫伴宫内胎儿死亡（IUFD）、血压正常的IUGR和妊娠期高血压的女性以及足月分娩的健康对照。为了确定S100 B在羊膜中表达的差异，我们进行了免疫组织化学，Western印迹分析和RT-PCR。用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA），我们评估了S100 B在羊水中的浓度。子痫前期组和子痫前期合并IUGR组羊膜中S100 B mRNA表达水平均显著高于对照组。子痫前期组和正常IUGR组羊水S100 B蛋白浓度均显著高于对照组。这项研究表明，羊膜可能是导致羊水中S100 B浓度升高的原因之一。在先兆子痫中，氧化应激产生活性氧（ROS）。妊娠期间发生的一些与缺氧应激相关的病理状况可影响羊膜中S100 B浓度的升高。少

To investigate the association between aquaporin-8 (AQP-8: a water channel protein) expression in fetal membranes and oligohydramnios during near-term and postdate pregnancy, we set up an oligohydramnios model using prostaglandin F2 alpha receptor (FP)-deficient mice. METHODS: Pregnant FP-deficient mice from 14 to 21 gestational days (GD) were killed to measure the amniotic fluid volume (AFV), and fetal membranes were collected for the analysis of aquaporin-8 expression. The AFV was highest at 14 GD, and was significantly decreased to 28% and 0% at 20 GD and 21 GD, respectively, compared with the volume at 14 GD. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis showed that aquaporin-8 was expressed in the basal component of fetal membranes, and that the protein level was significantly decreased to 60% at 20 GD compared with that at 14 GD. We demonstrated that AQP-8 expression in the fetal membrane was decreased at post term in FP-deficient mice. Our findings suggest that aquaporin-8 in fet … More al membranes may be involved in the regulation of AFV, especially when oligohydramnios occurs.To investigate the expression of S100B protein in the amnion and to assess the amniotic fluid concentration in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia. Samples were obtained from women who developed pre-eclampsia, pre-eclampsia with intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), normotensive IUGR and gestational hypertension during pregnancy and healthy controls who delivered at term. To determine the difference in the expression of S100B in the amnion, we performed immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we assessed the S100B concentration in amniotic fluid. The S100B mRNA expression in the amnion of pre-eclamptic patients and patients with pre-eclampsia with IUGR was significantly higher than that in the control. The amniotic fluid S100B protein concentration of the pre-eclampsia and normotensive IUGR cases was significantly higher than that of the control. This study shows that amnion could be a source responsible for the increased concentration of S100B in amniotic fluid. In pre-eclampsia, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by oxidative stress. Some pathological conditions that develop during pregnancy and are related to hypoxic stress can affect the elevation of S100B concentration in the amnion. Less