A Sociological Analysis of Transformation of U.S. Immigration Policy after September 11

本研究试图分析“9·11”恐怖袭击后美国移民政策急剧转变的逻辑和社会影响。一方面，本项目试图阐明《国土安全法》所创造的新官僚体系执行移民法的内在动力。通过这样做，它将提供一个新的视角，超越对美国客户政治在移民政策方面的影响的普遍理解。另一方面，基于对美国不同地区，如纽约及其郊区，中西部如爱荷华州或内布拉斯加州，以及南部边境问题争议地区的多次实地研究，我们有可能分析当地社会权力结构的重要性和各自地区微妙的当地社会结构。这一经验引导我们建立了对美国移民政策社会影响的比较视角。虽然新的更集中的移民控制结构发生了，但在现实中，它将在很大程度上取决于实际存在何种类型的地方利益集团网络，或何种类型的移民人口以何种移民身份生活。地方结构一直是关键的干预变量，有时会抵制国家积极的执法政策，而一些居民则要求向其他地区密集移民。该研究不仅考虑了组织内部动态，同时也考虑了地方政治社会结构，为移民政策制定和移民法执行的多维互动过程提供了独特的分析方法。

This research tired to analyze the logic and social impacts of the drastic transformation of the U. S. immigration policies after the September 11 terrorists' attacks. On the one hand, this project is an attempt to elucidate internal dynamics of the new bureaucratic system to enforce immigration law created by Homeland Security Act. By doing so it will provide a new perspective to go beyond the common understanding of the influence of clientele politics in the U. S. with regards to migration policy. On the other hand, based upon multiple field research on the diverse areas in the U. S., such as New York and its suburbia, mid-West such as Iowa or Nebraska, and the contested region over the border issue in the south, it made possible for us to analyze the importance of local social power structure and the delicate local social fabrics in respective region. This experience leads us to establish the comparative perspective on social impacts of immigration policies throughout the U. S. While the new more centralized structure of the immigration control took place, in reality it would depend significantly upon what type of local interest group network actually exists or what type of immigrant population lives with what immigration status. Local structure is persistently key intervening variables and it sometimes resists state aggressive enforcement policy while some residents demands intensive immigration in other region.This research could provide a unique analytical approach to more multidimensional and interactive process of immigration policy building as well as execution of immigration law by taking into consideration not only intra-organizational dynamics but also local political-social structure simultaneously.